The following is an analysis of the characteristics of each serotype of lipopolysaccharide (LPS):

- HY-D1056 (E. coli O55:B5):

It is a classic highly inflammatory LPS, its structure is homologous to O157:H7, and its TLR4-dependent immune activity is high. It is mainly used for mouse macrophage activation research, TLR4 signaling mechanism research and inflammation model construction.

- HY-D1056A1 (E. coli O111:B4):

It is a TLR4-activated classic LPS that can induce a high-intensity inflammatory response. It has the highest TLR4-dependent immune activity and is widely used in immune mechanism research, systemic inflammation model (such as sepsis) construction, TLR4 activation experiments and inflammation mouse models.

- HY-D1056A2 (E. coli O127:B8, EPEC):

Derived from enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), it has moderate endotoxin activity and moderate TLR4-dependent immune activity, and is suitable for the construction of intestinal inflammation models and the study of host-pathogen interaction mechanisms.

- HY-D1056A3 (E. coli O26:B6, STEC):

Commonly found in Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), it has high pathogenicity and high TLR4-dependent immune activity, and is mainly used for the construction of enteritis models and the study of intestinal barrier function.

- HY-D1056A4 (E. coli O128:B12, ETEC):

Mainly derived from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), TLR4-dependent immune activity is low-to-moderate, and is often used in the study of diarrhea mechanisms, intestinal disease models, and immune tolerance mechanisms.

The answer to this question comes from MCE Technical Support.

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