Since Hydroxy-Chloroquine Sulphate( Anti-malerial ) as well as Azithromycin ( Antibiotic ) are often used in the treatment of Covid19 . So there may be a guess that the Viras may be also having an assymetric characteristics ie a binding capacity with Anti-malerial combination .
Your participation is necessary - Thanks
Not at all. There are no scientific proof regarding this hypothesis. You need to search more.
Hi Jaydip Datta,
Here, I think you are comparing the things in a very wrong side. Using antibiotics which are used for the other diseases doesn't mean that the microbe would have the similar characteristics to the Plasmodium sp causing Malaria. There might be the possibilities of the immune response which they are affecting or regulating. But, in terms of structural and functional means, they are so apart from each other. SARS Cov2 affects particularly the Cells which are having the ACE-2/1 receptor which has been found to be present in the miscellaneous cells of our body. Other side, Malarial vector directly affects liver cells by reproducing there and causing hemolysis of the cells which ultimately causes fever in terms of specific regular intervals.Therefore, comparing these two microbes on the basis of your hypothesis won't be a good option.
For more insight into it, Hydroxychloroquine generally halts the binding of virus to the ACE_2 Receptor that's because it gets attached to the sialic acid (present on the outer surface of the cell) close to the ACE-2 receptor upon the cell in a way, so that the structure of this antibiotic covers the ACE-2 receptor and blocks the Spike protein attachment.
Dear Jaydip Datta , I believe your hypothesis is quite logical and we should test all such hypotheses while so little is known about this virus.
Very Nice to hear from all !
Dear Gaurav Sharma ,
I appreciate your logic to your last paragraph - ie use of azithromycin to block the
crown spike . But in Indian practise it is a random trial section of using such combination . I know it better the different use of Antimalerial , Anti-biotic & Anti-viral therapy from medicinal synthesis ( Structure Activity Relationship / Q -SAR ) back ground .
Dear Asif Shahriar ,
You can not make any kind of random comments for such pandemic trial.
Where the whole world is finding the medicinal remedies against this valley of death .
Please go through the RG threads as REF :
Article Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-...
Since the effect of Covid19 is completely irreproducible .
https://www.researchgate.net/post/Let_us_Discuss_something_about_Reproducible_research_technique_including_COVID_19
may be. Because corona virus treatment can use cloroquin and other drugs. Regards
Where statistical reproducibity fails to explain the irradication of Virus w.r/t temperature varition , spreading density , nature of mutation then "May be " is the right terminology as applied by Basuki Wasis - No answer for death .
Sounds exceedingly unlikely, but it's easily testable. BLAST the CV19 sequence against Plasmodium sequences and see if you get a significant hit.
Dear Dr. Andrew Jenkins
I agree with you.
Best regards
In silico study shows that the protease of Covid19 with antimalerial drug - the Hammett-Taft parameters ,logP vs logS has an excellent correlation along with binding site between antimalerials with Covid19 -
REF : https://arxiv.org/pdf/2003.10642
Jaydip Datta,
The in silico study is really good stuff. I like the modelling aspect, from the standpoint of providing possible solutions based on structure vs. possible function relationships. The notion that lipo-hydro relationships between the binding site targets and the test materials governs the ultimate interactions is well documented in the chemical literature, via testing by other means. You may want to specifically mention this article to the RG discussion "Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine treatment of Covid 19, True or False? There is a question there for what the mechanism of action is for antimalarials and Covid. This modelling example, based on fundamental structural chemistry, is something new to the ongoing argument.
Thanks to Dr.George Cernigliaro for supporting the QSAR aspects of Drug Modelling .
Ref : The Hindu Newspaper - by Suhasini Halder - Hydroxy CHQ sulphate is banned from today in India by WHO .
Please go through the article for the action of CHQ against SARS- Cov 2 -
REF : https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0924857920301102
Note, by the way, that a major trial of CHQ has recently been shut down as it showed higher death rates in treated patients.
Molecular modelling of covid19 -https://www.pharmaceutical-technology.com/features/covid19-modelling-drug-development/
Molecular modelling of Malarial Parasites - Article Identification of New Human Malaria Parasite Plasmodium Falc...
Dear Andrew Jenkins ,
I know it well even in west bengal also . The question is now the subject of interest of assymetric fit ie Drug receptor complex .You are also taken interest into Sciencedirect article ref before your comment .
Jaydip Datta,
Please review and comment. Has anyone seen any preclinical modelling for the separate enantiomers of cq and hcq? Seems an obvious place to look.
Lentini G, Cavalluzzi MM, Habtemariam S.Molecules. 2020 Apr 16;25(8):1834. doi: 10.3390/molecules25081834. Have the separate enantiomers been modelled? This data might already be available...
Enantiomeric Modelling of Chq - Article COVID-19, Chloroquine Repurposing, and Cardiac Safety Concer...
https://europepmc.org/article/pmc/pmc1401091
Enantioselective Modelling of HChq- Article Enantioselective metabolism of hydroxychloroquine employing ...
Hydroxy Chloroquine is again approved by WHO against Covid19 after Clinical Trial -REF :https://www.statnews.com/2020/06/03/who-resuming-hydroxychloroquine-study-for-covid-19/
But there are severe side effects on the use of Hydroxy Chloroquine Sulphate -
like Nausia , Anorexia , G.I problem , dizziness , acute headache . For elderly pateint with B.P , Blood Sugar , Kidney Trouble the drug may be fetal .
Dear Sovit Parajuli ,
Thanks for your feedback regarding the Publication in NEJM - prophylaxix therapy
of CHQ against Covid19 .
Symmetry outlook of Covid19 & CHQ - Article COVID-19, Chloroquine Repurposing, and Cardiac Safety Concer...
It is very effective against combined fever of Covid19 - Dengue fever .
Article New insights on the antiviral effects of chloroquine against...
Azithromycin - a potent antibiotic is used to treat secondary respiratory tract infection ( Covid as primary ) .
Bio - active Structure : Hchq - Sulphate . REF : pubchem. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ( Image Source ) .
Bio-active Structure of Azithromycin .
REF : en.wikipedia.org ( Image Source )
QSAR of Hchq-Sulphate -REF : https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/hydroxychloroquine
HCQ - Covid ( Drug - Protein ) complex intermediate .
REF : sciencedirect.com ( Image Source )
P.Vivax - Model of Malarial Parasites - ( Non-human primary model ) -Article A model of Plasmodium vivax concealment based on Plasmodium ...
3D- Modelling of Covid Molecule .
REF : News-Medical .net ( Image Source )
Flavivirapir vs Hydroxy - Chq - https://www.smartpatients.com/trials/NCT04387760- Hydroxy - Chq is an auto-immune drug as well as Covid19 and another is broad spectrum antiviral .
HChq-Phosphate - A less toxic drug SARS-COV-2 inhibited - https://www.nature.com/articles/s41421-020-0156-0
Market brand of HChQ - Phosphate - REF : medscape.com ( Image Source )
Am not sure about this but my question is are this drug FDA approved to treat COVID-19 even though they are broad-spectrum ABT? Because there are so many unknowns about this virus since is a new virus to be seen among human being. And with series of research still in progress to identify preventive medicine against the virus, I guess its too soon to arrive at a treatment conclusion on covid19 since ongoing research are yet to prove effective treatment and if there are any side effect expected.
Dear Taiwo Majekodunmi ,
Perhaps it is Broad spectrum anti viral therapy ie AVT but not ABT ,stands for antibiotic therapy . Yes the uncertainty is there regarding Vaccine developement .
But the Anti-malerial medicine HCHq is approved by WHO against Covid19 . It is the dialema of WHO once not approved and then finally approved . No confusion yet with HChQ -sulphate for mild Covid infection .
With ref to the above article it may be observed that HCQ has a strong immunomodulatory effect to reduce the inflammation of lungs with subsequent
tissue repair .
HCQ in the initial treatment of SARS- COV-2 - https://www.cebm.net/covid-19/chloroquine-and-hydroxychloroquine-current-evidence-for-their-effectiveness-in-treating-covid-19/
ChQ and HChQ binds with melanin - a pathological outlook - https://click.notification.elsevier.com/CL0/https:%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS2214750014001164%3Fdgcid=raven_sd_recommender_email/1/010001746423df73-44824951-8f04-4ebe-b967-d0f794a1bc62-000000/zW4tvL5cwV7sqk5qMhF9Y525DGLDOQ6Eqn_nDY1M3AY=157
HChQ with ChQ combination treatment against Covid -https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/covid-chloroquine-hydroxychloroquine-plaquenil
Very effective against SARS-COV-2 - https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ijantimicag.2020.105938
Jaydip Datta: The virus is probably morphing, yes? Case numbers are increasing in Europe once again. But deaths, during this period are still decreasing rapidly, all over the world. In Africa, cases and death rates based on the number of cases are way down. As African Nations are "malarial Nations", could it be that the antiviral medications (cq, hcq) are curtailing severe cases? Or is this coincidental?
Dr.George Cernigliaro ,
let me learn your thought of "morphing " Yes I got your point . It is just like Oscillatory nature of Chq & Hchq in malaria as well antiinflammatory nature of
treatment against Covid19 .
In that point of view the role of HChq- Sulphate is assymetric ie nonsuperimposible ( w.r .t to Malaria & Covid19 ) mirror image but racimic modification .
Jaydip Datta: The use of "morph" refers to the mutations of the virus. As the virus mutates, those changes which allow the virus to "live" longer in its host will be the most favorable. Which means the virus will not be as lethal to its host. Lower lethality would mean less serious symtoms. This, and the use of antivirals, such as hcq/cq, would cause a much lower death rate, which I think we are seeing, relative to Covid in March through July.
A duality between antimalerial and SARS -COV-2 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o38zHICkI5g
https://www.amboss.com/us/knowledge/Chloroquine_and_hydroxychloroquine
Given the symptoms presented when using HCQ for rheumatic conditions, is there any information on the action of HCQ on the gut microbiome???
Due to duality of HChQ an antimalerial as well as an attempt to treat Covid pateints now the pandemic is becoming a political football -https://nature.us17.list-manage.com/track/click?u=2c6057c528fdc6f73fa196d9d&id=d56d0737ed&e=5944515236
Thanks to Rasha Adnan ahmed ,Dr .AR .Saravanakumar for your composite support and George Cernigliaro for continued response .
Dr. Didier Raoult ( Microbiologist ) - effects of hydroxychloroquine for treatment of Covid19 -https://nature.us17.list-manage.com/track/click?u=2c6057c528fdc6f73fa196d9d&id=4d70e68862&e=5944515236
The Guardian article is blatant political bias. It stated that no clinical trials proved HChQ effective, which is NOT TRUE. Unfortunately, the anti-cytokine aspects of HChQ have been overlooked. As to the Medical Profession now going after Prof. Raoult, with exception to the fine and brave Clinician's in the field, who know what they're talking about, the bureaucrats have not distinguished themselves, at all. They are blatantly political, and are now, like Jacobin's, looking to place blame.
Dr. George Cernigliaro - Your review is too much prominant particularly to learn me . I should learn from how to write a concise . But still have self encoraged from you to do further . Just like a Photograph of the researcher make him more
prominant .
REF : Christophe Simon/AFP/Getty Images @ copyright -The Guardian.com ( Image Source ) .
The main curlprit is a group representing 500 specialists of France’s Infectious Diseases Society (SPILF) - https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/30/marseilles-maverick-covid-scientist-why-the-city-took-doctor-to-its-heart
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/06/hydroxychloroquine-trump-coronavirus-drug
Jaydip: I'm not sure what your response means. What I'm saying is that Prof. Raoult is being blamed by those who are looking for someone to blame. That the Guardian published this article, coupled with biased political commentary on the American presidential election, tell me that the Guardian article is motivated by politics.
Dr. George Cernigliaro - my response is a token of my respect to you . Nothing else.
Dear Jaydip: Thank you. I just want to make sure that my responses are not poorly written and/or not understandable. I respect and admire your courage to take on this question. Congratulations!
The term " malaria " is used here for silver coating on Covid19 . It is an attempt of researcher Dr. Francine Ntoumi -https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-03220-5
Dr. Majeed Rashid Zaidan - Many thanks for your cordial support on this much debaied drug HChQ ( malaria-covid duality ) discussion .
Injila Tiwari Thanks for your support .M.K. Tripathi
- HChQ ( Antimalerial ) may be used to reduce the inflammation of Covid19 initial management ( Not fully WHO approved ) .
Dear Siddappa Naragatti - Thanks for your cordial support . But it was the question of 2020 but now HChQ treatment is highly questional that the applicibility is against N501 Y .
Dear George Cernigliaro - Thanks for your response . In mild cases of new UK strain N501Y ,HChQ may be used .
I've heard that as well. Usually, the newer strains, while more contagious, are usually less lethal, as the virus' key to survival are to last longer in the host. Hope that is the case here, as well.
Now in W.B . India it is not all available to make symptomatic releif of mild Corona Virus infection .
Is that because there are too many Covid cases? I've heard that the "second wave" of Covid has, for some reason, not hit India. Are they close to herd immunity?
Dear Dr. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/George-Cernigliaro I thnk you are correct but medicine should be available everywhere .
HChQ combination with Methotrexate can be also used in the treatment of Rhuma-Arthritis .
HChQ + Azithromycin + Tocillizumab combination - TOCOVID treial -https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04332094
Now the discussion should be equally concentrated to antimalerial activity of HChQ - https://www.nature.com/articles/s41584-020-0372-x#:~:text=An%20important%20mode%20of%20action,lysosomotropism)%20and%20inhibit%20their%20function.
Basically SAR study of HChQ shows it has antionflammatory effect -use may be antimaleral , pain management in Rh . Arthritis or in Covid19 .https://gpatindia.com/hydroxychloroquine-synthesis-sar-mcqstructurechemical-properties-and-therapeutic-uses/
Malaria vs Crown virus - https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ijid.2020.04.007
Under the second wave availability of HChQ should be " better let than never "in India .
Malaria vaccine trial - R21-75 % efficasy - https://nature.us17.list-manage.com/track/click?u=2c6057c528fdc6f73fa196d9d&id=9cd07b4b20&e=5944515236
https://www.researchgate.net/post/Can_you_replace_Indomethacin_in_place_of_paracetamol_in_Covid-19_patients
https://www.researchgate.net/post/Chloroquine_effective_in_COVID-19_True_or_false
Effective / Ineffective HChQ ? REF : (George Frey/AFP via Getty) ( Image Source ) https://nature.us17.list-manage.com/track/click?u=2c6057c528fdc6f73fa196d9d&id=67a7d32804&e=5944515236