We usually can determine LNP encapsulation efficiency (though indirectly) by Ribogreen assay. What can be the best way to determine encapsulation efficiency of polyplex micelles?
To estimate the encapsulation efficiency (EE) of polyplex micelles is best determined by separating free (uncomplexed) and encapsulated nucleic acids or drugs using ultracentrifugation or centrifugal ultrafiltration (e.g., Amicon filters with appropriate MWCO), followed by quantification of the free component in the supernatant using UV-Vis spectroscopy, HPLC, or fluorescence-based assays such as PicoGreen for nucleic acids. EE is calculated as: EE (%) = [(Total – Free) / Total] × 100. For nucleic acid-based polyplexes, complementary methods like agarose gel electrophoresis and fluorescence quenching (e.g., dye displacement with SYBR Green) can be used for qualitative or semi-quantitative confirmation of complex formation and stability.