Dear all,
Please inform me if there is any plant species that is challenge to plant tissue culture or micropropagation of that plant can never be done?
is there any such species of plant?
if it is there why and how it is not possible to culture those species?
thank you.
An interesting question . We have experience in citrus. Rootstocks are frequently used for raising grafts of specific scion varieties. A rootstock like trifoliates have great difficulty in micropropagation , simply because of poor sap flow rates..
Most of the fruit and plantation crops like Mango, Pomegranate, Cashew are difficult to propagate owing to its high phenolic exudation. Some reports were there but still not have a perfect protocol. Many people are trying to multiply Rauwolfia serpentina (as it has very low percent seed germination) a RET species through tissue culturally, but still, standard protocols are not available for rapid multiplication.
Actually, the number of plants that have been micropropagated is just a small fraction of all plant species. Micropropagation of woody plants has always been a challenge, due to the slow growth and unresponsive characteristic of the plant cell to plant growth regulators, as well as the secretion of phenolic compounds from plant tissues (which are parts of the synthesis pathway for lignin and as such produced a lot in these plants).
is these plants are impossible to culture? or possible but not having perfect protocol?
Theoretically, every plant can be micropropagated. However, in practice there is much to learn. It would depend on the very nature of the species. Some woody plants have already been reported to be micropropagated successfully. However, it is universally known that woody plants are usually much more difficult to micropropagate than other plants. The problem is, no one has ever published fail attempts to micropropagate any plant, so we don't know for plants that have no report, whether no one has ever tried to micropropagate them, or all the attempts have failed. Again, there is no definition for a "perfect protocol". Some "successful" attempts in micropropagation, as reported, may just mean the plant tissues barely stay alive in in vitro condition for several months, and not yet be able to regenerate to complete plants.
thank you Duy Minh Pham ji, Ravindra Kumar Kurimella ji and Anoop Kumar Srivastava ji for valuable suggestions.
It seems the micropropagation of coconut is a big challenge. I don't have hands on experience with issue culture of coconut. I understand it's a recalcitrant species though there are some reports.
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-011-0433-3_16
Volume 5 of the series Developments in Plant Pathology pp 195-201
A brief history of coconut tissue culture
Jennet Blake
Planta. 2015 Nov;242(5):1059-76. doi: 10.1007/s00425-015-2362-9. Epub 2015 Jul 19.
Tissue culture and associated biotechnological interventions for the improvement of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.): a review.
Nguyen QT1,2, Bandupriya HD3, López-Villalobos A4, Sisunandar S5, Foale M6, Adkins SW6.
Please see the below paper. It can be help to find a way of propagation.
"Micropropagation of Populus trichocarpa ‘Nisqually-1’: the genotype deriving the Populus reference genome".
Sachet,
I do not believe in impossibility, only we have not gotten the way out. Or better put in the way one of the respondent (Duy minh Pham) put it, ''Theoretically, every plant can be micropropagated. However, in practice there is much to learn''. Recalcitrant nature of most woody plants makes it challenging for micropropagation. We are currently working on Irvingia wombolu and I can tell you we are making head way. Every of these woody tree crops come with its own challenging characteristics.
Micropropagation of Cotton (Gossypium Species)
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/299727269_Micropropagation_of_Cotton_Gossypium_Species
Chapter Micropropagation of Cotton (Gossypium Species)
Perform cotton tissue culture can be challenge, but not 'can never be done', as stated in Sachet Hegde's question. I have performed successful cotton tissue culture myself.
I'm agree with Ayodeji
since plant cells are totipotent and they can be differentiate, and dedifferentiate, then, theoretically every plants can be micro propagated, but start working, challenges appear... some times even a simple rooting can be sophisticated and micro propagation itself has many things to deal with., on the other hand optimizing a perfect protocol is valuable enough, regardless of which plant are you working on or how much rare is its research background.
I have done research and lab work using hormones to acclimate cotton to colder conditions very successfully.
It is often difficult to culture woody species because of exudation of phenolic compounds.Special approaches have been employed in some woody species as in nutmeg,Myristica fragrans by incorporating activated charcoal in the medium .This resulted in the induction of somatic embryogenesis.Activated charcoal can adsorb phenolic substances exuded by the explants.
This was a breakthrough in this case
I strongly believe that any plant can be tissue cultured, the differences are the rate of multiplication and survival of plantlets under ex vitro and in vivo conditions.
According to the principle of totipotency, all plants can propagate under in vitro circumstance. Of course, according to the specifications of each plant (morphological and phsio-biochemical), there are always challenges. The whole effort of a researcher must be in making the final product cost-effective.
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