The easiest way is to choose a macrophage line and stimulate with a proinflammatory signal, keep in mind the signaling pathways involved in the response as they may be the target of your sample.
For example:
RAW 264.7 (murine macrophage line with Abelson murine leukemia virus)
Lipopolysaccharide as stimuli
Harvest cells at different time stamps depending on your assay (ELISA or qPCR). Measure pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-1b, TNFa, IL-6, or other mediators such as iNOS or COX-2.
In addition to what suggested by other colleagues, I propose treating the human-derived PBMCs with the nanoparticles of interest followed by determining corresponding cytokines. Good luck