I have prepared heteroatom (N, O, S) doped carbon materials and used them as LIB anode materials.
The heteroatoms can introduce defects to materials. For example, the defects on the carbon layers (e.g., vacancies and edges) can adsorb more Li ions to increase the capacity from the faradaic contribution, and change the surface structure to increase the double layer capacitance . Moreover, some heteroatoms that are doped on the surface carbon layers contribute to the reversible energy storage through combining with Li ions or electrolyte ions to increase the pseudocapacitance. Moreover, defects can alter the migration energy and minish the diffusion barriers during intercalation to improve the rate capability of carbon-based anodes.