On implementing metal oxide as a photo-catalyst for dye degradation and on varying the pH of the solution, the catalyst gains positive or negative charge..!! What is the chemistry behind the effect of pH on the surface charge of the photo-catalyst?
I think you are looking for the zeta Potential or electrokinetic Potential. Through change of the pH-Value also the overall charge of the Particles changes due to the formation of an ionic double layer around them. Therfore the surface charge of the particles will be schielded, resulting in agglomeration of the particles at the isoelectric point.
Depend on that if the pH of the synthesis media is higher or lower than the Point of Zero Charge (PZC) you must chose anionic or cationic precursor. Wrong choose leads to the unappropriated attraction force and unstable sol and consequently non uniform particles size distribution. You must chose suitable precursor depend on PZC
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