Dear Mr. Ramaswamy: Various probes (just like pH electrode) are available for most of the ions mentioned by you. You may please check with ORION probes.
In clinical practice,
A blood arterial sample is used to determine with a pH meter, the pH, Pa02 and PaCO2 and to estimate bicarbonate.
We do not need, except in few cases the sulfate, phosphate and ammonium values.
There levels being estimated by the Anion gap calculated with the Na+, Cl-, HCO3- values determined by ion-selective electrodes.
You may have a look at two interesting papers focusing on anion gap or just to refresh acid-base abnormalities
see also: Ion selective electrode and anion gap range: what should the anion gap be? by Sajadi et al ,International journal of nephrology and renovascular disease. 2013,6: 101-105.
You may want to check this RG discussion on the titration of sulfate: https://www.researchgate.net/post/How_can_I_easily_measure_sulfate_concentration_in_a_solution
Back-titration of ammonia. ― Ammonia is first neutralized (converted to ammonium salt) by a known excess of standard strong mineral acid aq. sol.; the excess of acid is then back-titrated with strong base aq. sol., to find the stoichiometric amount of acid previously consumed by ammonia.
Dear Dr. Carlos Araújo Queiroz: I have been using Orion ion-selective electrodes for quantifying various ions in my fermentation broth. It is NOT time-consuming and easy to operate. Since the number of samples during fermentation (about 8 fermenters and sampling are at every four hours. Rest of the assay methods are time consuming.
About back-titration of ammonium bicarbonate, (NH4)HCO3 ― see my post at:
https://www.researchgate.net/post/How_to_determine_assay_of_Ammonium_Bicarbonate_by_Titration
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