How do biological contaminants from plant extracts or microbial cultures affect the purity and functionality of the final nanoparticles?
Assume you refer to "green" synthesis, botanically-based antimicrobial nanoparticles.
Intriguing question - as botanical material used is nonsterile and prob. has some degree of variability in its own composition. Further bacteria and fungi are also used in green synthesis of nanoparticles. Homogeneity of green nanoparticles is not well addressed in any source context beyond size so your question is a good one for which I have no answer. Hope someone with knowledge can help.
Biological contaminants from plant extracts or microbial cultures can introduce impurities that alter nanoparticle size, shape, surface charge, and stability, thereby affecting their purity and functional properties such as bioactivity, targeting ability, and reproducibility.
Bibi et al., 2025; Gupta and Rajput, 2023; Ramirez-Perez, 2023; Kalaiarasi et al., 2010
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