If an extract contains galactomannans as wells as polar amino acids how I can separate these two compounds without using water as a solvent.
Separate them in alcohol and chloroform, they will form separate layer, alcohol may contain amino acid while second will be in chloroform, or you can try petroleum ether and benzene for separating them in two layers in separatory funnel.
When you adjust the sample pH to pH = 2 you can bind the amino acids (AA) to an cationexchanger, like SPE OnGuard II H from Thermo Fisher Scientific. Than you can wash the neutral and anionic components away with water. Release the AA from the SPE with for example ammonium hydroxide pH 12. Lypholyse or speed vac and take up in water again.
Another option is just a quick SEC on a desalting column. The polysaccharides will come off in the void volume, while he AAs will elute at the end of the run. With hightrap columns you can run at relatively high flow and separate in 15 minutes. Besides, the columns have a pretty wide stability range for organic solvents, if you want to avoid water.
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