As we have already noticed, Wuhan, the birthplace of this virus, has already been declared as Covid-19 free state; most of the European countries also have withdrawn lockdown; however, while we keep our eyes on South-Asian countries like India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nepal the virus just being wide-spreading day by day. It is just because of some irresponsibility of human behavior. Our reckless responses are the reasons for why the virus is being spread until now. So, it should be us who has to be more conscious and wait until the vaccine is revealed.

Thanks

-Bijoy

We are still far away from an effective and safe vaccine because even if it becomes available, it will need billions of doses of the vaccine to to achieve sufficient immunity in the population.

Because of logistic issues of producing these doses of vaccine, and financial issues in third world countries, it may be years before COVID-19 will be eradicated.

According to the standard procedures of clinical research, such pharmacy (R&D) development takes 3-5 years.

There are a number of viruses we have adapted to but for which no cure has been found. Covid-19 fits that. At present claims for cures or cures soon to arrive seems simply propaganda, an attempt to keep hopes up and also perhaps take public gaze away from medical science's limitations.

Interesting discussion!

Than you @ Bijay Mitra

Huge population size of these countries is also an important factor for increased rate of infected cases .

Thank you very much Hermann Gruenwald Stanley Wilkin Stephen I. Ternyik Hermann Gruenwald

Stephen and Muhammad Yusuf Stephen I. Ternyik Muhammad Yousuf

Thank you very much for your contributions.

Neither close nor far.

The whole is extremely inflated.

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Covid-19_an_exageration?_ec=topicPostOverviewAuthoredQuestions&_sg=hQZu958lP4Y76QrZAlocq0doW7w-9cGQM9Gk4ycxwOIsyNkIJV2u8wFFM4W2vfespi1HdU366qhmhMe4

Thank you Gioacchino de Candia

A vaccine is anyway nonsense, it has no chance of being effective. You would vaccinate with and against a virus that does not give immunity; the virus mutates too fast for that. It's the same with a common cold: one can't vaccinate against it.

Needless to say that the coming mandatory vaccination is not designed to cure anyone from Covid; it's merely a means to sterilize people. If there was an interest in helping people, they would have promoted and prescribed hydroxychloroquine in combination with zinc or Azithromycin (which is an excellent medication against COVID-19). But despite all empirical evidence, the medical establishment has suppressed it.

The clinical trials conducted by the WHO and other national health agencies were designed so hydroxychloroquine would fail to show any benefit in the treatment of Covid (they deliberately gave it too late and in toxic and potentially lethal doses).

Thank you so much for your participation in the discussion Jake Wilson

Vaccine development is a long, complex process, therefore it takes time. AIDS was discovered in 1983, but till today we do not have vaccine against the disease.

here is the last status of proposed vaccines :-

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/health-and-human-body/human-diseases/coronavirus-vaccine-tracker-how-they-work-latest-developments-cvd/

Dear Itishree, thank you very much for the relevance of the question, and all the participants.

As Arvind Singh expresses the epidemic of HIV and other emerging pathogens such as Ebola or Zika and the challenges posed by antimicrobial resistance - such as tuberculosis, with the emergence of multi-resistant strains, or dengue, with the re-emergence of the vector in the Americas - especially those transmitted by vectors. Added to the context referred to by Muhammad Yousuf , of environmental imbalances, population explosion and globalization, are fertile grounds for the emergence of new pathogens or the increase in infections that were under control.

The emergence or re-emergence of infectious diseases seems to respond to a complex process in which many factors interact: the social determinants of health, climate change and the conditions that prevail and are identified in a population. These diseases have accelerated as a result of different factors, and their unexpected appearance generates a rapid spread of etiological agents. Many of the "new diseases" do not appear to be due to new or newly identified pathogens, but the conditions that exist in a population favour that they develop again and can become an emergency situation and with severe impact on public health.

To what extent should we be prepared for the upsurge of some diseases that were kept under control or in elimination, due to the adaptation of agents to new environments?

Thanks a lot. Greetings

Fernando

Estimada Itishree muchísimas gracias por la relevancia de la pregunta, y todos los participantes.

Tal como expresa Arvind Singh la epidemia del VIH, y de otros patógenos emergentes como el ébola o el zika y los retos que representan la resistencia antimicrobiana –como por ejemplo, la tuberculosis, con la aparición de cepas multirresistentes, o el dengue, con la reaparición del vector en las Américas –sobre todo aquellas transmitidas por vectores–. Sumado al contexto que hace referencia Muhammad Yousuf , de desbalances ambientales, la explosión demográfica y la globalización, son terreno fértil para la emergencia de nuevos patógenos o el aumento de infecciones que estaban bajo control.

La emergencia o reemergencia de las enfermedades infecciosas parece responder a un complejo proceso en donde interactúan numerosos factores: los determinantes sociales de la salud, el cambio climático y las condiciones que prevalecen y se identifican en una población. Estas enfermedades se han acelerado como consecuencia de diferentes factores, y su aparición inesperada genera una rápida diseminación de los agentes etiológicos. Muchas de las “nuevas enfermedades” no parecen ser debidas a agentes patógenos nuevos o identificados nuevamente, sino que las condiciones que existen en una población favorece que se desarrollen nuevamente y puedan convertirse en una situación de emergencia y con severo impacto en la salud pública.

En qué medida debemos estar preparados para el repunte de algunas enfermedades que se mantenían bajo control o en eliminación, debido a la adaptación de los agentes a nuevos ambientes?

Muchas gracias. Saludos

Fernando

Thank you so much your elaborate yet pin pointed response to my question.

It unfolds many practica facts.

Thank you very much Fernando Ariel Manzano ernando Ariel Manzano

Itishree Padhi

Dear Researcher,

This is a great question that you have asked. On the basis of the answer of this question, the future plan for mankind has to be chalked out.

I am sharing a personal opinion in the context of your question. Over the years, a change has come to politics. There was a time when politicians used to get involved in it. Today in most countries you will see that industrialists and businessmen have got involved in it. As a result of this, they speak like businessmen and not like politicians. Most of the time it can be seen that they drift from speaking the truth. They speak only those words which can be sold out in the markets easily or those words which can fetch them some business benefits. So, common people are being denied of their access to the truth. Thus, it is very difficult to understand where we stand, from the virus to the vaccine ... There is a lot of mist around us. Almost all pictures are foggy. We are in a state of trance. Somehow it is getting difficult for us to understand our position.

Logically speaking, I do not think we have even crossed the first few hurdles for making the vaccine. It has been seven-eight months since the pandemic commenced. We need 3-5 years to make a vaccine.

Thank you.

Best regards,

Anamitra.

I think we need to wait for more for vaccination however we must be careful to wear masks and use sanitizers etc

Thank you Stanley and Bijoy for your great contributions

Thanks a lot for highlighting so many sides of the scenario Sadanand Pandey

Dear @ Itishree Padhi I think we are closer towards vaccine. Further Lockdown is not a remedy. Our economy will take at least 2-3 years to to offset the effects of preceding lockdowns.

Thanks!

I feel vaccine development is a long process and need time to complete all the phases of clinical trials. Any over deviation in the process can results in potential failures in the final outcome. Though politicians will talk about unrealistic timelines, it is actually false positive hope. If we cover all the phases with limited samples, the vaccine won't be effective and have limitations. Delhi abhi bohut dur hain mam.

With the improvement of vaccine preparation techniques, traditional methods of preparation have been overlooked. Maybe the secret of the vaccine is in the pangolain who can deliver his secrets of resistance and symbiosis with this virus?

Thank you very much Brahimi Mahfoud Shirshendu Roy Arbind K. Choudhary

Yes we are heading towards vaccine , also we are approaching herd immunity. Good days are not very far.

Hi Itishree Padhi, Thanks and good continuation

Thank you Brahimi Mahfoud

I think that we are still in the stage of Covid-19 Pandemic, where the second attack of SARS-CoV2 infection has began in many countries. It seems that we are still so far from the end of this nightmare.

Perhaps we're now in the midst of viral politics and a vaccine that is coming up more as an attractive tool of business.

We are still in the pandemic stage because of the production of a safe, effective, and an approved vaccine is a complex process that requires a lot of experience and time.

Virus and semi- vaccine period 👍🌹

This is a very critical question: from virus to vaccine, actually where we are? If you always thinking in a positive way, it is better for you, atleast you will be tension free. Therefore, I do believe and hope that within a short period of time we will get vaccine as we have a remarkable achievement for getting the vaccine, anyway, I suggest you to keep continuing your prayer and perform good deeds......

At pandemic stage

I think there is no clear end for this pandemic in absence of effective anti covid medications or vaccines

We should follow preventive measure the end of this state in shallah

Itishree Padhi

It will take more time for Vaccine and hope for the best.

I totally agree with Dr Salman Ajlan , we are at the beginning of a second wave of the pandemic, the second wave seems more aggressive than the first as reported by many with many consequences, and the world is still waiting for a vaccine that hopefully shall end the misery

Coronavirus still poses a significant threat, but there are no vaccines proven to protect the body against the disease it causes - Covid-19. However there are around 40 different coronavirus vaccines in clinical trials - including one being developed by the University of Oxford that is already in an advanced stage of testing. https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.bbc.com/news/amp/health-51665497

Why is a coronavirus vaccine important? The virus spreads easily, and the majority of the world's population is still vulnerable to it. A vaccine would provide some protection by training people's immune systems to fight the virus so they should not become sick. This would allow lockdowns to be lifted more safely, and social distancing to be relaxed. https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.bbc.com/news/amp/health-51665497

What sort of progress on vaccine is being made? Research is happening at breakneck speed. About 240 vaccines are in early development, with 40 in clinical trials and nine already in the final stage of testing on thousands of people.

Trials of the Oxford vaccine show it can trigger an immune response, and a deal has been signed with AstraZeneca to supply 100 million doses in the UK alone.

The first human trial data back in May indicated the first eight patients taking part in a US study all produced antibodies that could neutralise the virus.

A trial using viral proteins to develop an immune response is underway.

A group in China showed a vaccine was safe and led to protective antibodies being made. It is being made available to the Chinese military.

Other completely new approaches to vaccine development are in human trials .

https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.bbc.com/news/amp/health-51665497

Normal Life?????? All Academicians are in a position to accept the new normal education. Expecting the normal Life. Hope for the Best

Thank you Anuradha

Although here in Macau, we had only 46 cases and no new infections in the last five months, everybody still uses masks, from classes to supermarkets, from the streets to any public building. It seems the only real effective means to tackle a virus that will stay in human populations for a long time, still not completely understood, therefore difficult to prevent and cure. The vaccine race reminds me of the famous Samuel Beckett play "Waiting for Godot": Estragon and Vladimir discuss and rediscuss, but Godot never arrives.

Wonderful explanation

Nice to know about Macau situation

and pleased to see your thoughtful writing

Thank you so much

I am not sure wether the vaccine production will change the outcome or gravity of the disease

I believe that the untold story is herd immunity, Boris Jhonson said it earlier that we should be prepared to lose our lived ones much earlier.

I think we are in a maze.

There is no vaccine yet

There are currently more than 100 COVID-19 vaccine candidates under development, with a number of these in the human trial phase. WHO is working in collaboration with scientists, business, and global health organizations through the ACT Accelerator to speed up the pandemic response. When a safe and effective vaccine is found, COVAX (led by WHO, GAVI and CEPI) will facilitate the equitable access and distribution of these vaccines to protect people in all countries. People most at risk will be prioritized. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/covid-19-vaccines

When will we have a coronavirus vaccine? A vaccine would normally take years, if not decades, to develop. Researchers hope to achieve the same amount of work in only a few months.

Most experts think a vaccine is likely to become widely available by mid-2021, about 12-18 months after the new virus, known officially as Sars-CoV-2, first emerged.

That would be a huge scientific feat, and there are no guarantees it will work.

But scientists are optimistic that, if trials are successful, then a small number of people - such as healthcare workers - may be vaccinated before the end of this year. https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.bbc.com/news/amp/health-51665497

Large virus may have several active sites that can attach receptors

I thought that no efficient vaccines will be within two years

Till now there is no vaccine as it requires a long way a to develop and produce an effective vaccine

I think that this virus was unstable with vary changeable infection making different reaction inside the body and due to its similarity with many respiratory virus make them not diagnosis properly, most virus produce solid immunity which persist for one year at least but this virus was exception; different cases that get second and third infection after cure

most of the danger of this virus was its rapid spread from one to other and delay in diagnosis so the case may inter in cytotoxin shock and make the case with bad prognosis. as explain above i think the vaccine will be delay for about 6-12 month and the second local small area restriction was occur but not effect on the global work or transmission between country " the world before Covid-19 was not the same to world after it found"

We are in a puzzling sitaution

Still far from a reliable vaccine. Doing research. But with hope and optimism.

No signs yet when the COVID-19 vaccine will be available?

As is clear from the WHO Ist week of November 2000 on COVID-19 vaccine update (in the link):

- 47 candidate vaccines are in clinical trials, 155 candidate vaccines undergoing preclinical trials.

- Many of them are in phase 3 trials

- Most of them will be 2 dose vaccines, a few one injection only

- Vaccine types include RNA, DNA based vaccines, inactivated virus based or different virus based vector vaccines.

Keep your fingers crossed until an effective, safe, inexpensive vaccine enough for the whole world is available.

https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/draft-landscape-of-covid-19-candidate-vaccines

Pfizer, and Biotech COVID-19 up to 90% Effective

Have a look at this link:

https://www.statnews.com/2020/11/09/covid-19-vaccine-from-pfizer-and-biontech-is-strongly-effective-early-data-from-large-trial-indicate/

Dear Muhammad Yousuf,

Thank you so much for your nice contribution. I am fully agree with you. I also hope such kind of situation that we will be able to get the vaccines very soon. Thanks once again for providing the link.

Thank you so much for your valuable contributions M. D.H. Prodhan Muhammad Yousuf Silvia Marcu Silvia Marcu Neeraj Pandey Ammar Mahmmod @

I think we are close to the vaccine now. However, still there is long way to return to normal life even if vaccine shows good results.

There is another lockdown already.

Thank you Muhammad Aledeh uhammad Aledeh

Thanks Zainab Atiyah Dakhil for a v positive feedback

Dear Itishree Padhi, you are welcome. However, in my area a strengthened lockdown is commencing this Tuesday from 00:00 Hrs onwards except for some special reasons and people on essential duties. In as much as the world seems to be confused, sometimes it is really unclear what effects accompany the lockdown as there's a lot of ethical dilemmas ... what about the psychological impacts on millions of people who are yet to recover from the first wave's lockdown? What is the best way to go about it and how long do viruses normally play around us ... this has already passed six months which brings to mind several questions to be asked and answered.

Millions of jobs lost, relationships, marriages, and homes broken. Addictions of various kinds including perhaps the harmless form of addictions being school aged children addicted to online games - the games might help their mental and cognitive well-being?

Many questions as we swim in the unknown ...

By early 2021 we will have vaccine.

Dear @ Silvia Marcu,

I also hopping so. Iam agree with you.

Dear all, I am still suspicious about this vaccine! Why it should be stored at such extremely low temperature ? Is it just for dependency dedication to international powers and predatory compagnies ? Hope it will be available by the next few months. My Regards

Dear @ Abdelkader BOUAZIZ,

Thank you for your nice discussion. I am also agree with you that vaccine will be available within a few months.

I hope it will be available by early 2021

Dear @ Stephan C. Mann,

A lot of thanks to you for your participation and to appreciate me. Thank you.

Thank you Prodhan and Stephan

Hi;

Pfizer and BioNTech's vaccine is based on a completely new technology called messenger RNA. The advantage of this technology is that vaccines are faster to develop than traditional vaccines. "The advantage of this technology is that the vaccines are faster to develop than traditional vaccines, so they can be produced very easily in very large quantities. But they also pose a major problem: they have to be stored at very low temperatures, about -70°C. So the question is how do you get a product around the world at such a temperature? In addition, many hospitals and pharmacies do not have sufficient infrastructure to store them at such low temperatures

With my best regards

Hi;

As for poor countries, they have no hope of benefiting from the first refrigerated vaccines. Freezers at -70°C cost more than standard freezers.

With my best regards

Thank you for contributing Doufnoune RACHIDA Rachida

In virus

waiting for the moment to vaccinate us ...

Currently (January 2021), public vaccination programs have started in a large part of countries using highly effective vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus. Citizen vaccination programs in many countries using these current first versions of the vaccine will take at least a few more months. During the period of vaccination of citizens, high standards of anti-pandemic safety should continue to be maintained in order to limit the scale of virus transmission in the society and thus slow down the process of mutating and creating new versions of the Coronavirus. This is important because new variants of the Coronavirus could trigger new waves of the pandemic, for which pharmaceutical companies might have to produce new versions of the vaccine. But it is to be hoped that the positive scenario will materialize, i.e. that by mid-2021 the current wave 2 and 3 of the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic will expire, public immunization programs will achieve their goal of mine vaccinations. 60 - 70 percent citizens in society and achieving social resilience, and that the transmission of the Coronavirus will be reduced many times and that in the fall of 2021 there will not be another new mutated version of this virus and another wave of the pandemic will not emerge. If this positive scenario is realized, then in the next few months, the currently introduced industry locks will be abolished and in many matters of everyday life and work people will be able to return to the so-called "normality". This is a positive scenario that is worth believing in, but at least not forgetting about the use of anti-pandemic safety rules and instruments, i.e. wearing face masks, washing hands frequently, using social distancing in public places, shopping and various other activities via the Internet, etc.

Greetings,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

A review article can be published where SARS-COV-2 is highly penetrating but vaccination is NULL .

Thank you Padhi for contributing, I hope, that the pandemic

will end in 2021.

In the first part of the vaccination of the first impact groups, such as health personnel, police authorities, customs, tourism and airport workers, little by little we progress

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Covid19_Vaccination-How_far_How_long

A year has passed ... In Spain, people are vaccinated at a good rate.

I hope it would not lead to another V, like Virus-Vulnerable!