Hello Atta Alsarray , take a look at these publications. They may be useful to you;
Wu, Y., Xu, X., Chen, Z., Duan, J., Hashimoto, K., Yang, L., Liu, C., & Yang, C. (2020). Nervous system involvement after infection with COVID-19 and other coronaviruses. Brain, behavior, and immunity, 87, 18–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.031
COVID-19 and the central nervous system. 10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.106116
Contrasting evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 may not directly enter olfactory sensory neurons, but instead may target sustentacular, mucosal cells, Bowman's cells and olfactory stem cells in the human olfactory epithelium
Although there have been no dedicated mechanistic studies thus far looking at how the SARS-CoV-2 virus might directly impact nociceptive hypersensitivity, the extensive, systemic hyperinflammation seen in severe COVID-19 has the potential to contribute to nociceptor sensitization. Through secondary analyses of publicly available RNA-seq data sets, we have identified several secreted ligands that have the potential to modulate sensory neurons in humans after severe COVID-19 infection. It remains unclear, however, whether the mechanism(s) of neuronal sensitization in severe COVID-19 are the same as those in milder cases, given that both the nature and extent of immune response in COVID-19 can be significantly different depending on infection severity. The impact of cytokine storm must also be considered as a potential driving factor for the development of neuropathies after severe infection and could contribute to the development of chronic pain after acute COVID-19 infection has resolved.
COVID-19 infection has resolved. Continued research into the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 neurovirulence, including whether direct neuronal infection is possible, will be essential to not only help us understand how this pathogen acutely impacts neuronal hypersensitivity but also whether this is dictated by infection severity, and how these neuronal changes might contribute to COVID-19 survivors experiencing painful sequelae in the long term.
The two new studies provide the first look at how SARS-CoV-2 could interact directly with sensory neurons, or even infect them, if not definitively showing that they do so. But even if the virus is only a robber with a drill outside the bank, it appears capable of causing plenty of disruption to neurons, and plenty of resulting symptoms.
Unfortunately, it is unclear if the neurological symptoms of COVID-19 result from cytokine storm-induced neuroinflammation or some brain areas’ infection. Nevertheless, the CNS and immune system involvement might have remarkably neurologic long-term consequences, including the development of neuropsychiatric disorders. Therefore, the awareness of the CNS invasion pathways, the degree of CNS and PNS involvement, and the time course of the viral spreads throughout the nervous system will help comprehend the pathological consequences better and improve the treatment’s diagnostic criteria of possible neurological sequelae.
Hi Dr Atta Alsarray . Contrasting evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 may not directly enter olfactory sensory neurons, but instead may target sustentacular, mucosal cells, Bowman's cells and olfactory stem cells in the human olfactory epithelium (Brann et al., 2020). See the link: Article SARS-CoV-2 and nervous system: From pathogenesis to clinical...
However, COVID-19 itself can lead to neurological and mental complications, such as delirium, agitation, and stroke. People with pre-existing mental, neurological or substance use disorders are also more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection ̶ they may stand a higher risk of severe outcomes and even death. See the link: https://www.who.int/news/item/05-10-2020-covid-19-disrupting-mental-health-services-in-most-countries-who-survey
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infects and Damages the Mature and Immature Olfactory Sensory Neurons of Hamsters. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32667973/
Contrasting evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 may not directly enter olfactory sensory neurons, but instead may target sustentacular, mucosal cells, Bowman's cells and olfactory stem cells in the human olfactory epithelium
Yes, absolutely. Recent anecdotal and scientific reports have provided evidence of a link between COVID-19 and chemosensory impairments such as anosmia.
Many of the symptoms experienced by people infected with SARS-CoV-2 involve the nervous system. Patients complain of headaches, muscle and joint pain, fatigue and “brain fog,” or loss of taste and smell—all of which can last from weeks to months after infection. In severe cases, COVID-19 can also lead to encephalitis or stroke. The virus has undeniable neurological effects.