Always. We always need to update and tweak behavioral scales by ethnicity, race, country, etc. Relatively recent studies have shown that neonates can discriminate by racial colors (not just race, but are more drawn to strong racial features within any given racial body) within 1 minute or less of birth.

Thank you.

Neonates also can identify the differences in speech sounds from maternal language vs. foreign language very early in the neonatal period. This means that any speech sounds need to be in native language to elicit appropriate responses.

Thank you