A friend of mine is working in a project about composting, and I want to give him a hand
You would be better giving him some leaves and food or vegetable matter. A hand is animal in origin and does not compost well.
process depends on the ratio of carbon to nitrogen in material also the perioed of the FERMENTATION after 72 days,also, the control of the ventilation, heat and prevent evaporation and volume of materials, and the conjunction of the Winds.can you supplemented few clay soil
Kindly see through here too..
http://www.fao.org/docrep/007/y5104e/y5104e06.htm
you can get good humiliation from compost if you support by adding some microbes after 3 week s
Mature compost contains a similar C:N ratio as soils, i.e. 10:1. Depending on how tough the C source is, C:N ratios >10:1 may cause N deficiency when applied to the soil. Composting allows microbes to push out the extra C as CO2. Again, depending on the feedstock, additions readily available carbohydrate,f P and N may speed up the process.
Interesting discussion...
Waste Manag Res. 2011 Nov;29(11):1153-63. doi: 10.1177/0734242X11413954. Epub 2011 Sep 18.
How to enhance humification during composting of separately collected biowaste: impact of feedstock and processing.
Binner E1, Smidt E, Tintner J, Böhm K, Lechner P.
Abstract: Conventional parameters (loss on ignition, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, C/N-ratio, respiration activity (RA₄), compost status (= 'Rottegrad'), NH₄-N and NO₃-N) are not correlated to humification. At best, they provide information on the biological stability (status of degradation) of composts. Humic substances which are a source of stable organic matter and nutrients are discussed as a parameter describing compost quality. Thus, in the present research project a photometric method evaluating humic acids was used to characterize the quality of 211 Austrian and foreign composts made from source-separated collected biowaste or sewage sludge. Furthermore, parameters influencing the formation of humic acids during the rotting process were investigated by implementing rotting experiments in the laboratory as well as in composting plants. The analysed composts showed humic acid contents between 2.5 and 47 %, calculated on a organic dry matter (oDM) basis. In addition to the duration of treatment the main influence on humification was the feedstock used. Stabilized sewage sludge, biowaste after intensive anaerobic pre-treatment or biowaste with low reactivity (RA₄) or uniform composition (e.g. mainly grass) showed a low formation of humic acids. For optimum humification the feedstock needed to contain components that are well balanced from scarcely to easily degradable compounds. Processing also influenced humification. Open windrow systems and reactor systems allow the same quality to be produced when operated well, but optimizing mineralization (e.g. very intensive aeration) showed negative effects. The positive condition required for humification is an unhurried (not too intense) degradation with long-lasting biological activity in which microbes have enough time to use the metabolic products of degradation for humification...
There are four phases in composting-starting phase or first mesophilic phase,thermophilic phase,cooling or second mesophilic phase and maturation phase.Duringthe maturation phase the main activity which takes place is degradation of more resistant organic compounds and getting them transformed into humus.The resistant compounds are lignin,lignocellulose and other recalcitrant components of diverse organic materials.Humification processes are studied by quatification of the extrctable humus-like substances.Various ratios are usually computed between humic substances and other organic carbon indices and also CEC to assess the maturity and stability of compost.The following papers provide more details.
1.Relationships between water-soluble carbohydrates and phenol fractions and humification indices of different organic wastes during composting.Bioresource Technology 70(2):193-201,1999.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960852499000188
2.Evaluation of organic matter stability during the composting process of agroindustrial wastes by Tittarelli,F. et al.
http://orgprints.org/8184/1/Tittarelli_final_version.pdf
3.Stability and maturity of maize stalk compost as affected by aeration rate,C:N ratio and moisture content by Nada,W.M.,Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,15(3) 2015.
http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-95162015000300016
4.Evaluation of city refuge compost maturity:A Review By Jimenez,E.I. and Garcia,V.P. Biological Wastes 27(1989 )115-142.Pdf available online.
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