Could someone please provide the procedure for trained Innate Immunity?
Kais Khudhair al Hadrawi
Physical Barriers: The skin, mucous membranes, and cilia lining the respiratory tract act as physical barriers that block pathogens from entering the body or trap them for removal. Chemical Defenses: Enzymes found in body fluids such as tears, saliva, and mucus can break down the cell walls of bacteria, rendering them harmless. Additionally, acidic environments in the stomach and on the skin inhibit pathogen growth. Inflammatory Response: When tissues are damaged or infected, the body triggers an inflammatory response. Inflammatory chemicals like histamine increase blood flow to the affected area, leading to redness and swelling. This influx of blood brings more white blood cells to combat the pathogens. Phagocytosis: Phagocytes, including neutrophils and macrophages, engulf and destroy pathogens through a process called phagocytosis. These cells recognize foreign invaders and break them down with enzymes once inside. Natural Killer (NK) Cells: NK cells are specialized lymphocytes that identify and eliminate infected or cancerous cells by inducing programmed cell death, known as apoptosis. Complement System: A group of circulating proteins, the complement system, can be activated in response to pathogens. These proteins directly kill pathogens by creating pores in their cell membranes, tag pathogens for destruction by phagocytes, and enhance the inflammatory response. Interferons: Cells release interferons in response to viral infections. Interferons inhibit viral spread to neighboring cells and activate other components of the immune system.
The innate immune system serves as the body's initial defense against a wide range of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. It operates through a combination of physical barriers, chemical defenses, and cellular responses:
Overall, the innate immune system provides rapid, nonspecific defense mechanisms to protect the body from various pathogens, initiating the immune response until the adaptive immune system can mount a more specific defense.
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