The most common chronic diseases and causes of death of our current population (e.g. cardiovascular diseases, cancer) are usually explained by the longer lifetime, and that during the evolution human body was not shaped to live that long, and therefor the body naturally degrades by time. 

However, some found that hunther-gatherer tribes, and possibly our anchestors live as long as 70 years (Gurven & Kaplan, 2007). 

Thus, to which amount chronic diseases are caused by (1) 'time passing' and a body not designed to live that long or (2) the maladaptive features of our lifestyle?

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