Animal studies tend to supplement anthocyanins relative to body weight.
Why is this not replicated in humans?
The current trend is to just supplement absolute dosages regardless of any standardisation to anthropometrics or other physiological variables.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthocyanin
***
Anthocyanins are considered as secondary metabolites. They are allowed as food additives (E163).
Anthocyanins are rich in plants such as blueberries, cranberries, raspberries, blackberries, black currants, cherries, eggplants, beets, black rice, Concord grapes and nutmeg grape, red cabbage, and some types of peppers, both burning and so on. N. Sweet. In medicine, the anthocyanins of blueberries are widely used (as part of the blueberry extract). In burning peppers, several species have also been observed, in which the anthocyan is present not only in fruits, but also in leaves. And, in this case, the anthocyan is synthesized the more, the brighter the sunlight falling on the plant. These peppers include Black Pearl (Black Pearl), Pimenta da Neyde and others. But in the Black Pearl the ripe fruit is completely deprived of anthocyanin, and the fruit-berry blushes, and in Pimenta da Neyde the fruit-pod in the sun always remains dark.
Anthocyanins help to reduce inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress in the intestines, when consuming excess amounts of fats and carbohydrates and improve barrier functions of the intestine.
Gil-Cardoso Katherine, Ginés Iris, Pinent Montserrat, Ardévol Anna, Arola Lluís Chronic supplementation with dietary proanthocyanidins protects from diet-induced intestinal alterations in obese rats (англ.) // Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. — 2017-02-01. — P. n/a–n/a. — ISSN 1613-4133. — DOI:10.1002/mnfr.201601039.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/mnfr.201601039/abstract;jsessionid=056822D59991B947DA8D351C2F0A408B.f02t01?systemMessage=PPV+on+Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+unavailable+on+Saturday+11th+March+from+05%3A00-14%3A00+GMT+%2F+12%3A00-09%3A00+EST+%2F+13%3A00-22%3A00+SGT+for+essential+maintenance.++Apologies+for+the+inconvenience.
There are an inverse correlation between the consumption of anthocyanins and the incidence of cardiovascular disease, certain cancers and other degenerative diseases (Wang and Stoner 2008), although these relationships are yet to be conclusively determined in animal and human clinical studies, which are limited to date.
nutritional researchers review epidemiological and animal data . in the case of anthocyanins one could use the dose in animal studies and adjust to human dosing based upon translation dose recommendations by FASEB J 22, 659-661(2007) ..the data from Framingham shows the lowest quintile intake in 2375 individuals as 1.8 mg per day vs 32 mg per day in the 5th quintile .. (AJCN 2015; 102:172-81. )., the Health professional follow up study follow 43,880 patients over 24 years and the quintile intakes were similar (1.9 mg vs 26.3mg ).. a research would consider a short term higher intake for a clinical study as was done with a 300 mg dose for 3 weeks that measure proinflammantory markers in humans ( J Nutr 137: 1951-1954,2007)..we have to consider the length of the study and estimate a significant dose that might give a measurable change .. 300 mg is probably not a reasonable dietary intake of anthocyanins from food for humans .also when comparing the absorption of these compounds in mice to humans the FASEB guidelines may not give the outcomes to support using those doses in a human study
Actually, my recollection is that in most animal studies, anthocyanins are supplemented relative to diet - e.g., 0.1% of diet. Thus, strictly speaking, their dosing is on an energy intake basis. In contrast, I believe that most human studies use a fixed amount of anthocyanins (either as an extract or defined amount of anthocyanin-containing food, e.g., 1/2 cup of blueberries), usually without regard to differences in body weight or energy requirement. Ideally, in human studies, anthocyanin intake/sources should be scaled to caloric requirement.
Anthocyanins help to reduce inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress in the intestines, when consuming excess amounts of fats and carbohydrates and improve barrier functions of the intestine.
Gil-Cardoso Katherine, Ginés Iris, Pinent Montserrat, Ardévol Anna, Arola Lluís Chronic supplementation with dietary proanthocyanidins protects from diet-induced intestinal alterations in obese rats (англ.) // Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. — 2017-02-01. — P. n/a–n/a. — ISSN 1613-4133. — DOI:10.1002/mnfr.201601039.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/mnfr.201601039/abstract;jsessionid=056822D59991B947DA8D351C2F0A408B.f02t01?systemMessage=PPV+on+Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+unavailable+on+Saturday+11th+March+from+05%3A00-14%3A00+GMT+%2F+12%3A00-09%3A00+EST+%2F+13%3A00-22%3A00+SGT+for+essential+maintenance.++Apologies+for+the+inconvenience.
- Badges
- Science topic
- Similar topics
- Medicine
- Nutrition and Dietetics