This question is dedicated only to sharing important research of OTHER RESEARCHERS (not our own) about complex systems, self-organization, emergence, self-repair, self-assembly, and other exiting phenomena observed in Complex Systems.
Please keep in own mind that each research has to promote complex systems and help others to understand them in the context of any scientific filed. We can educate each other in this way.
Experiments, simulations, and theoretical results are equally important.
Links to videos and animations will help everyone to understand the given phenomenon under study quickly and efficiently.
Viscoelastic microfluidics: progress and challenges.
Zhou, J. and Papautsky, I.
Microsyst Nanoeng 6, 113 (2020).
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41378-020-00218-x
Abstract:
The manipulation of cells and particles suspended in viscoelastic fluids in microchannels has drawn increasing attention, in part due to the ability for single-stream three-dimensional focusing in simple channel geometries. Improvement in the understanding of non-Newtonian effects on particle dynamics has led to expanding exploration of focusing and sorting particles and cells using viscoelastic microfluidics. Multiple factors, such as the driving forces arising from fluid elasticity and inertia, the effect of fluid rheology, the physical properties of particles and cells, and channel geometry, actively interact and compete together to govern the intricate migration behavior of particles and cells in microchannels. Here, we review the viscoelastic fluid physics and the hydrodynamic forces in such flows and identify three pairs of competing forces/effects that collectively govern viscoelastic migration. We discuss migration dynamics, focusing positions, numerical simulations, and recent progress in viscoelastic microfluidic applications as well as the remaining challenges. Finally, we hope that an improved understanding of viscoelastic flows in microfluidics can lead to increased sophistication of microfluidic platforms in clinical diagnostics and biomedical research.
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Without proper understanding of viscoelastic liquids, which are omnipresent in all biology, our biological description of living systems remain incomplete.
Without proper understanding of viscoelastic liquids, which are omnipresent in all biology, our biological description of living systems remain incomplete.
Just one example. Flowing of blood through micro-vessels utilizes viscoelastic properties of this liquid. Advances in this ar4 can help us to understand better the very mechanisms of blood clotting, organ infractions, and many other health issues.
Here are a few notable research studies conducted by other researchers in the field of complex systems, which explore various phenomena like self-organization, emergence, self-repair, and self-assembly:
"Self-Organization and Selection in the Evolution of Collective Decision Making" by Iain D. Couzin and colleagues: This study, published in Science in 2005, investigates how collective decision-making emerges in animal groups. The researchers used experiments and simulations to demonstrate how self-organization and local interactions lead to the emergence of coordinated decision-making behavior. Link to the paper
"Emergence of Scaling in Random Networks" by Albert-László Barabási and Réka Albert: This research, published in Science in 1999, explores the emergence of scale-free networks, which are characterized by a few highly connected nodes (hubs) and many weakly connected nodes. The study demonstrates how a simple growth and preferential attachment process can lead to the formation of such networks. Link to the paper
"Self-Repairing Cities: A Multi-Agent Resilience Assessment Framework" by Filippo Simini and colleagues: This research, published in PLOS ONE in 2012, presents a simulation-based framework to assess the self-repairing capabilities of urban systems. The study investigates how the interactions between various agents (e.g., infrastructure, transportation, social networks) contribute to the resilience and recovery of cities after disruptions. Link to the paper
"Self-Assembly of Janus Colloidal Clusters: A Statistical Mechanics Perspective" by Zhenwei Yao and colleagues: This study, published in Physical Review Letters in 2013, explores the self-assembly of Janus colloidal particles, which have two distinct sides. Using theoretical modeling and simulations, the researchers investigate the conditions under which these particles can form complex, hierarchical structures. Link to the paper
"Collective Motion of Self-Propelled Particles: Kinetic Phase Transitions and Emergent Dynamics" by Tamás Vicsek and colleagues: This research, published in Physical Review Letters in 2010, studies the collective motion of self-propelled particles, such as flocks of birds or schools of fish. The study reveals the existence of kinetic phase transitions in the system and uncovers the emergence of ordered patterns from local interactions. Link to the paper
Please note that due to the limitations of this text-based format, I cannot provide direct links to videos and animations. However, you can easily find related videos and animations by searching for the titles of the research papers or the authors' names in platforms like YouTube or scientific databases like the arXiv or ResearchGate.
Dear Jiri et al.,
I found John H. Hollands' short introductory volume very useful as a general overview over the field of complexity science, the study of complex adaptive systems (CAS) etc. as well as a "field guide" providing references to delve deeper into complexity science-related research from various fields of study such as physics, chemischen, biology, sociology, economy, finance etc.:
Holland, John H. "Complexity: A Very Short Introduction". Oxford.
Best,
Julius
Quantification of Blood Viscoelasticity under Microcapillary Blood Flow
Yang Jun Kang
Micromachines 2023, 14(4), 814
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369801803_Quantification_of_Blood_Viscoelasticity_under_Microcapillary_Blood_Flow
https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14040814
Abstract:
Blood elasticity is quantified using a single compliance model by analyzing pulsatile blood flow. However, one compliance coefficient is influenced substantially by the microfluidic system (i.e., soft microfluidic channels and flexible tubing). The novelty of the present method comes from the assessment of two distinct compliance coefficients, one for the sample and one for the microfluidic system. With two compliance coefficients, the viscoelasticity measurement can be disentangled from the influence of the measurement device. In this study, a coflowing microfluidic channel was used to estimate blood viscoelasticity. Two compliance coefficients were suggested to denote the effects of the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) channel and flexible tubing (C1), as well as those of the RBC (red blood cell) elasticity (C2), in a microfluidic system. On the basis of the fluidic circuit modeling technique, a governing equation for the interface in the coflowing was derived, and its analytical solution was obtained by solving the second-order differential equation. Using the analytic solution, two compliance coefficients were obtained via a nonlinear curve fitting technique. According to the experimental results, C2/C1 is estimated to be approximately 10.9–20.4 with respect to channel depth (h = 4, 10, and 20 µm). The PDMS channel depth contributed simultaneously to the increase in the two compliance coefficients, whereas the outlet tubing caused a decrease in C1. The two compliance coefficients and blood viscosity varied substantially with respect to homogeneous hardened RBCs or heterogeneous hardened RBCs. In conclusion, the proposed method can be used to effectively detect changes in blood or microfluidic systems. In future studies, the present method can contribute to the detection of subpopulations of RBCs in the patient’s blood.
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This research is very important as it helps to uncover the dependence of blood viscosity on the underlying mechanisms undergoing during diseases, improper life style, chemical and biochemical influences, and diet.
This method is providing promising means of fast, cheap, low blood content requirements, and sensitive method of measuring of blood viscosity and prevention of blood clotting.
Feasibility study for estimating optimal substrate parameters for sustainable green roof in Sri Lanka
Shuraik A. Kader, Velibor Spalevic & Branislav and Zdenka Dudic
Environment Development and Sustainability 2022(4):1-27
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/366464666_Feasibility_study_for_estimating_optimal_substrate_parameters_for_sustainable_green_roof_in_Sri_Lanka
DOI: 10.1007/s10668-022-02837-y
Abstract:
In twenty-first century buildings, green roof systems are envisioned as great solution for improving Environmental sustainability in urban ecosystems and it helps to mitigate various health hazards for humans due to climatic pollution. This study determines the feasibility of using five domestic organic wastes, including sawdust, wood bark, biochar, coir, and compost, as sustainable substrates for green roofs as compared to classical Sri Lankan base medium (fertiliser + potting mix) in terms of physicochemical and biological parameters associated with growing mediums. Comprehensive methodologies were devised to determine the thermal conductivity and electric conductivity of growing mediums. According to preliminary experimental results, the most suitable composition for green roof substrates comprised 60% organic waste and 40% base medium. Sawdust growing medium exhibited the highest moisture content and minimum density magnitudes. Biochar substrate was the best performing medium with the highest drought resistance and vegetation growth. The wood bark substrate had the highest thermal resistance. Growing mediums based on compost , sawdust, and coir produced the best results in terms of nitrate, phosphate, pH, and electric conductivity (EC) existence. This study provided a standard set of comprehensive comparison methodologies utilising physicochemical and biological properties required for substrate characterization. The findings of this research work have strong potential in the future to be used in selecting the most suitable lightweight growing medium for a green roof based on stakeholder requirements.
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This research can save us a lot of energy consumption in housing, governing, education, and industrial areas. What is your opinion about it?
A cellular automaton model for freeway traffic
Kai Nagel & Michael Schreckenberg
Journal de Physique I 2(12):2221 (Dec 1992)
DOI: 10.1051/jp1:1992277
Abstract:
We introduce a stochastic discrete automaton model to freeway traffic. Monte-Carlo simulations of the model show a transition from laminar traffic flow to start-stop-waves with increasing vehicle density, as is observed in real freeway traffic. For special cases analytical results can be obtained.
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Comments by JK:
Everyone who is curious about understanding of the mechanism, which eventually lead to creation chaos, that is arising from the strictly deterministic interactions is recommended to read this paper.
Visions of DNA Nanotechnology at 40 for the Next 40: A Tribute to Nadrian C. Seeman
Editors:
Nataša Jonoska & Erik Winfree
About the book
• Provides a unique view of DNA nanotechnology on the field’s 40th anniversary
• Includes multidisciplinary perspectives from chemistry, biology, physics, mathematics, and computer science
• Presents contributions by leading researchers in the field that will inspire new explorations
• Open Access
Part of the book series: Natural Computing Series (NCS)
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ISBN: 9789811998904
https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-981-19-9891-1
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About this book:
This open access book provides a unique and state-of-the-art view on DNA nanotechnology with an eye toward future developments. Intended as a tribute to Nadrian C. Seeman, who founded the field of DNA nanotechnology, the content is an exciting mixture of technical and non-technical material, reviews, tutorials, perspectives, new findings, and open questions. The book aims to inspire current researchers to sit back and think about the big picture, while also enticing new researchers to enter the field. Most of all, the book captures voices from a unique moment in time: 40 years after the publication of the first paper that envisioned DNA nanotechnology.
From this vantage point, what are the untold stories, the unspoken concerns, the underlying fundamental issues, the overlooked opportunities, and the unifying grand challenges? What will help us see more clearly, see more creatively, or see farther? What is transpiring right now that could pave the way for the future? To address these questions, leading researchers have contributed 22 chapters, grouped into five sections: perspectives, chemistry and physics, structures, biochemical circuits, and spatial systems.
This book will be an important reference point in the field of DNA nanotechnology, both for established researchers looking to take stock of the field and its future, and for newcomers such as graduate students and researchers in other fields who are beginning to appreciate the power and applicability of its methods.
An electrogenetic interface to program mammalian gene expression by direct current
Jinbo Huang, Shuai Xue , Peter Buchmann, Ana Palma Teixeira & Martin Fussenegger
Nature Metabolism (2023)
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372785410_An_electrogenetic_interface_to_program_mammalian_gene_expression_by_direct_current
DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00850-7
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Abstract:
Wearable electronic devices are playing a rapidly expanding role in the acquisition of individuals’ health data for personalized medical interventions; however, wearables cannot yet directly program gene-based therapies because of the lack of a direct electrogenetic interface. Here we provide the missing link by developing an electrogenetic interface that we call direct current (DC)-actuated regulation technology (DART), which enables electrode-mediated, time- and voltage-dependent transgene expression in human cells using DC from batteries. DART utilizes a DC supply to generate non-toxic levels of reactive oxygen species that act via a biosensor to reversibly fine-tune synthetic promoters. In a proof-of-concept study in a type 1 diabetic male mouse model, a once-daily transdermal stimulation of subcutaneously implanted microencapsulated engineered human cells by energized acupuncture needles (4.5 V DC for 10 s) stimulated insulin release and restored normoglycemia. We believe this technology will enable wearable electronic devices to directly program metabolic interventions.
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Links between electricity and biology are gradually revealing the true nature of functioning of cells, single cell organisms, plants, and animals.
Soft Robots Manufacturing: A Review
François Schmitt, Olivier Piccin, Laurent Barbé & Bernard Bayle
Frontiers in Robotics and AI 5:84.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326723959_Soft_Robots_Manufacturing_A_Review
DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2018.00084
Abstract:
The growing interest in soft robots comes from the new possibilities offered by these systems to cope with problems that cannot be addressed by robots built from rigid bodies. This is in particular true when physical interaction between a robot and its environment is involved. Many innovative solutions have been developed in recent years to design soft components and systems. In this development, soft robotics has remained very closely dependent on advanced manufacturing processes, a topic which deserves special attention. This review aims at giving an insight on the current State of the Art in soft robotics, with a deeper understanding of the methods currently used to manufacture such systems.
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It is fascinating to observe, in the light of robotics systems development, the extreme level of sophistication of all living systems. There is so much to learn. There is so much admire.
Social Self-Organization: Agent-Based Simulations and Experiments to Study Emergent Social Behavior
Dirk Helbing & Stefano Balietti
In book: Social Self-Organization (Feb 2012)
Editors: Helbing, Dirk
Chapter: 2: Agent-Based Modeling
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259872393_Social_Self-Organization_Agent-Based_Simulations_and_Experiments_to_Study_Emergent_Social_Behavior
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-24004-1_2
Abstract:
Since the advent of computers, the natural and engineering sciences have enormously progressed. Computer simulations allow one to understand interactions of physical particles and make sense of astronomical observations, to describe many chemical properties ab initio, and to design energy-efficient aircrafts and safer cars. Today, the use of computational devices is pervasive. Offices, administrations, financial trading, economic exchange, the control of infrastructure networks, and a large share of our communication would not be conceivable without the use of computers anymore. Hence, it would be very surprising, if computers could not make a contribution to a better understanding of social and economic systems.
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This chapter and the whole book is useful to all who wants to understand the very roots of ABM.
Experiments, simulations and theoretical results, as you mentioned, are important in all fields of activity, regardless of whether we are talking about the medical or the financial field! Congratulations on your research!
Dear Christian, just watching the movie "The Quantum Activist" on YouTube. The approach discussed in the www.amitgoswami.org is fully consistent with my metaphysical experiences, scientific understanding of The Universe, Seen and Unseeen Rwalms, and my latest research on Emergent Information Processing.
Thank ou for sharing with us such extraordinary latest scientific understandings. 🙏
Agent-based modelling of morphogenetic systems: Advantages and challenges.
Glen, C., Kemp, M. & Voit, E.
PLoS Comput Biol 2019, 15, e1006577.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332062744_Agent-based_modeling_of_morphogenetic_systems_Advantages_and_challenges
DOI:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006577
Abstract:
The complexity of morphogenesis poses a fundamental challenge to understanding the mechanisms governing the formation of biological patterns and structures. Over the past century, numerous processes have been identified as critically contributing to morphogenetic events, but the interplay between the various components and aspects of pattern formation have been much harder to grasp. The combination of traditional biology with mathematical and computational methods has had a profound effect on our current understanding of morphogenesis and led to significant insights and advancements in the field. In particular, the theoretical concepts of reaction-diffusion systems and positional information, proposed by Alan Turing and Lewis Wolpert, respectively, dramatically influenced our general view of morphogenesis, although typically in isolation from one another. In recent years, agent-based modeling has been emerging as a consolidation and implementation of the two theories within a single framework. Agent-based models (ABMs) are unique in their ability to integrate combinations of heterogeneous processes and investigate their respective dynamics, especially in the context of spatial phenomena. In this review, we highlight the benefits and technical challenges associated with ABMs as tools for examining morphogenetic events. These models display unparalleled flexibility for studying various morphogenetic phenomena at multiple levels and have the important advantage of informing future experimental work, including the targeted engineering of tissues and organs.
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Where Agent-Based Modeling meets with biology: studies of morphology.
NetLogo description from the authors:
"NetLogo is a multi-agent programmable modeling environment. It is used by many hundreds of thousands of students, teachers, and researchers worldwide. It also powers HubNet participatory simulations. It is authored by Uri Wilensky and developed at the CCL. You can download it free of charge. You can also try it online through NetLogo Web."
https://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/
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This software enebales everyone to dive quickly and efficiently into the understanding of agent based modelling. I recommend it to everyone who is interested about the subject.
Emergence: The Connected Lives of Ants, Brains, Cities and Software.
Steven Johnson
Scribner, 2012.
https://www.scribd.com/book/225121092/Emergence-The-Connected-Lives-of-Ants-Brains-Cities-and-Software
ISBN 9780743218269
From the back cover:
"This book is about the mystery of why the whole is sometimes smarter than the sum of its parts.
"Emergence is what happens when an interconnected system of relatively simple elements self-organizes to form more intelligent, more adaptive higher-level behavior. It's a bottom-up model; rather than being engineered by a general or a master planner, emergence begins at the ground level. Systems that at first glance seem vastly different -- ant colonies, human brains, cities, immune systems -- all turn out to follow the rules of emergence. In each of these systems, agents residing on one scale start producing behavior that lies a scale above them: ants create colonies, urbanites create neighborhoods.
In the tradition of "Being Digital and "The Tipping Point, Steven Johnson, acclaimed as a "cultural critic with a poet's heart" ("The Village Voice), takes readers on an eye-opening intellectual journey from the discovery of emergence to its applications. He introduces us to our everyday surroundings, offering suprising examples of feedback, self-organization, and adaptive learning. How does a lively neighborhood evolve out of a disconnected association of shopkeepers, bartenders, and real estate developers? How does a media event take on a life of its own? How will new software programs create an intelligent World Wide Web?
Drawing upon evolutionary theory, urban studies, neuroscience, and computer games, "Emergence is a guidebook to one of the key components of twenty-first-century culture. Until recently, Johnson explains, the disparate philosophers of emergence have worked to interpret the world. But today they are starting to change it. This book is the riveting story of thatchange and what it means for the future. If you've searched for information on the Web, played a recent video game, or accepted a collect call using voice recognition software, you've already encountered the new world of artificial emergence. Provocative, engaging, and sophisticated, "Emergence puts you on the front lines of a sweeping revolution in science and thought.
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About this ebook from media
In the tradition of Being Digital and The Tipping Point, Steven Johnson, acclaimed as a "cultural critic with a poet's heart" (The Village Voice), takes readers on an eye-opening journey through emergence theory and its applications.
A NEW YORK TIMES NOTABLE BOOK
A VOICE LITERARY SUPPLEMENT TOP 25 FAVORITE BOOKS OF THE YEAR AN ESQUIRE MAGAZINE BEST BOOK OF THE YEAR
Explaining why the whole is sometimes smarter than the sum of its parts, Johnson presents surprising examples of feedback, self-organization, and adaptive learning. How does a lively neighborhood evolve out of a disconnected group of shopkeepers, bartenders, and real estate developers? How does a media event take on a life of its own? How will new software programs create an intelligent World Wide Web?
In the coming years, the power of self-organization -- coupled with the connective technology of the Internet -- will usher in a revolution every bit as significant as the introduction of electricity. Provocative and engaging, Emergence puts you on the front lines of this exciting upheaval in science and thought.
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Everyone who wants to understand the very roots of complex system in a highly accessible format to non-specialists is recommended to read this excellent popularization book.
Machine Learning Algorithms -A Review
Batta Mahesh
International Journal of Science and Research 9 (1), January 2020
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344717762_Machine_Learning_Algorithms_-A_Review
DOI: 10.21275/ART20203995
Abstract:
Machine learning (ML) is the scientific study of algorithms and statistical models that computer systems use to perform a specific task without being explicitly programmed. Learning algorithms in many applications that’s we make use of daily. Every time a web search engine like Google is used to search the internet, one of the reasons that work so well is because a learning algorithm that has learned how to rank web pages. These algorithms are used for various purposes like data mining, image processing, predictive analytics, etc. to name a few. The main advantage of using machine learning is that, once an algorithm learns what to do with data, it can do its work automatically. In this paper, a brief review and future prospect of the vast applications of machine learning algorithms has been made.
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A very good introduction into machine learning that helps everyone to quickly dive into this field. ML is very a useful approach in biology and hard sciences that helps to create hypotheses from huge amounts of data. I do recommend to read this short review.
Introduction to the Modeling and Analysis of Complex Systems
Hiroki Sayama
State University of New York at Binghamton
Publisher: Open SUNY (2015)
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272416724_Introduction_to_the_Modeling_and_Analysis_of_Complex_Systems
https://open.umn.edu/opentextbooks/textbooks/233
ISBN 13: 9781942341093
About the book:
Introduction to the Modeling and Analysis of Complex Systems introduces students to mathematical/computational modeling and analysis developed in the emerging interdisciplinary field of Complex Systems Science. Complex systems are systems made of a large number of microscopic components interacting with each other in nontrivial ways. Many real-world systems can be understood as complex systems, where critically important information resides in the relationships between the parts and not necessarily within the parts themselves.
This textbook offers an accessible yet technically-oriented introduction to the modeling and analysis of complex systems. The topics covered include: fundamentals of modeling, basics of dynamical systems, discrete-time models, continuous-time models, bifurcations, chaos, cellular automata, continuous field models, static networks, dynamic networks, and agent-based models. Most of these topics are discussed in two chapters, one focusing on computational modeling and the other on mathematical analysis. This unique approach provides a comprehensive view of related concepts and techniques, and allows readers and instructors to flexibly choose relevant materials based on their objectives and needs. Python sample codes are provided for each modeling example.
Table of Contents:
• Introduction
• Fundamentals of Modeling
• Basics of Dynamical Systems
• Discrete-Time Models I: Modeling
• Discrete-Time Models II: Analysis
• Continuous-Time Models I: Modeling
• Continuous-Time Models II: Analysis
• Bifurcations
• Chaos
• Interactive Simulation of Complex Systems
• Cellular Automata I: Modeling
• Cellular Automata II: Analysis
• Continuous Field Models I: Modeling
• Continuous Field Models II: Analysis
• Basics of Networks
• Dynamical Networks I: Modeling
• Dynamical Networks II: Analysis of Network Topologies
• Dynamical Networks III: Analysis of Network Dynamics
• Agent-Based Models
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Everyone who wish to dive into mathematical descriptions of complex systems will enjoy this open book, which is covering the substantial part of the filed in the accessible form. It can replace reading of tens of other more specialized books at the beginning of the process.
It is recommended to read the book as the introductory one. Then it should be followed by more advanced, specialized ones.
Journey to the Ants: A Story of Scientific Exploration
Bert Hölldobler & Edward O. Wilson
Harvard University Press (1998)
https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674485266
ISBN 9780674485266
About the Book:
Richly illustrated and delightfully written, Journey to the Ants combines autobiography and scientific lore to convey the excitement and pleasure the study of ants can offer. Bert Hölldobler and E. O. Wilson interweave their personal adventures with the social lives of ants, building, from the first minute observations of childhood, a remarkable account of these abundant insects’ evolutionary achievement.
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One of the best books about mathematics that I had ever read despite the fact that there is no single word about mathematics inside of it. A fascinating world of self-organization and emergence at its purest! Authors did a great job.
comments by J.K.
Synergetics: An Introduction Nonequilibrium Phase Transitions and Self-Organization in Physics, Chemistry and Biology
Hermann Haken
Series Title Springer Series in Synergetics
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-96469-5
Springer Berlin, Heidelberg
Topics: Physics, general, Chemistry/Food Science, general, Biomedicine, general, Life Sciences, general
About the Book:
The publication of this second edition was motivated by several facts. First of all, the first edition had been sold out in less than one year. It had found excellent critics and enthusiastic responses from professors and students welcoming this new interdisciplinary approach. This appreciation is reflected by the fact that the book is presently translated into Russian and Japanese also. I have used this opportunity to include some of the most interesting recent developments. Therefore I have added a whole new chapter on the fascinating and rapidly growing field of chaos dealing with irregular motion caused by deterministic forces. This kind of phenomenon is presently found in quite diverse fields ranging from physics to biology. Furthermore I have included a section on the analytical treatment of a morphogenetic model using the order parameter concept developed in this book. Among the further additions, there is now a complete description of the onset of ultrashort laser pulses. It goes without· saying that the few minor mis prints or errors of the first edition have been corrected. I wish to thank all who have helped me to incorporate these additions.
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One of the first books that I had read about complex systems without fully realizing how important research field it is. This and the next books were recommended me by an experienced mathematician as good starting point. Hence, I am bridging this message to all of you who might benefit from it. Enjoy it!
Just one side note, all proofs of all mathematical proofs and derivations were done purely in my head. Was it hard? Yes, it was. Despite it, this process substantially enlarged my cash memory. Since then, there is nothing what cannot be kept in my operational memory. Everyone can learn it too.
The article titled "Social Self-Organization: Agent-Based Simulations and Experiments to Study Emergent Social Behavior" by Dirk Helbing and Stefano Balietti, published in the book "Social Self-Organization" in February 2012, discusses the role of computers and agent-based modeling in the study of social interactions and economic phenomena. The article highlights that since the advent of computers, the natural and engineering sciences have made significant progress. Computers and computer simulations have allowed researchers to better understand the interactions of physical particles and make sense of astronomical observations.
Furthermore, computers can be used to describe many chemical properties from scratch and design energy-efficient transportation methods and safer automobiles. What's interesting is that many aspects of our daily lives, such as offices, administrations, financial trading, economic exchange, and the monitoring and management of infrastructure networks, would be inconceivable without computers.
The key point in the article is that computers and agent-based modeling play a fundamental role in advancing our understanding of social behavior and emerging economic phenomena. These technologies can help us study how individuals interact and how collective behaviors and social patterns can emerge from these interactions.
Advanced Synergetics
Instability Hierarchies of Self-Organizing Systems and Devices
Herman Haken
Part of the book series: Springer Series in Synergetics (SSSYN, volume 20)
https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-642-45553-7
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-45553-7
About this book:
This text on the interdisciplinary field of synergetics will be of interest to students and scientists in physics, chemistry, mathematics, biology, electrical, civil and mechanical engineering, and other fields. It continues the outline of basic con cepts and methods presented in my book Synergetics. An Introduction, which has by now appeared in English, Russian, J apanese, Chinese, and German. I have written the present book in such a way that most of it can be read in dependently of my previous book, though occasionally some knowledge of that book might be useful. But why do these books address such a wide audience? Why are instabilities such a common feature, and what do devices and self-organizing systems have in common? Self-organizing systems acquire their structures or functions without specific interference from outside. The differentiation of cells in biology, and the process of evolution are both examples of self-organization. Devices such as the electronic oscillators used in radio transmitters, on the other hand, are man made. But we often forget that in many cases devices function by means of pro cesses which are also based on self-organization. In an electronic oscillator the motion of electrons becomes coherent without any coherent driving force from the outside; the device is constructed in such a way as to permit specific collective motions of the electrons. Quite evidently the dividing line between self-organizing systems and man-made devices is not at all rigid.
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The book that helps to make a smooth transition from classical physics to the one dealing with complex systems. It had been about three decades ago a very important part of my own way towards complex systems, self-organization, and directly to my current research. It can become a part of everyone's path on the way to complex systems.
Cellular automata as an alternative to (rather than an approximation of) differential equations in modeling physics
Tommaso Toffoli
Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena
10: 1 (1984) 117-127
DOI: 10.1016/0167-2789(84)90254-9
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0167278984902549
Abstract:
Cellular automata are models of distributed dynamical systems whose structure is particularly well suited to ultrafast, exact numerical simulation. On the other hand, they constitute a radical departure from the traditional partial-differential-equation approach to distributed dynamics. Here we discuss the problem of encoding the state-variables and evolution laws of a physical system into this new setting, and of giving suitable correspondence rules for interpreting the model's behavior.
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Many decades ago, exactly Toffoli's and Vichniac's paper from the same issue helped me to relate cellular automata with differential equations. Those two papers opened the world of extraordinarily rich world of massive parallel computations. It can help others to gain the same insights and kick their research.
Regenerative Adaptation To Electrochemical Perturbation In Planaria: A Molecular Analysis Of Physiological Plasticity
Maya Emmons-Bell, Fallon Durant, Angela Tung, Alexis Pietak, Kelsie Miller, Anna Kane, Christopher J. Martyniuk, Devon Davidian, Junji Morokuma & Michael Levin
iScience 22, 147–165 (2019)
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337140437_Regenerative_Adaptation_To_Electrochemical_Perturbation_In_Planaria_A_Molecular_Analysis_Of_Physiological_Plasticity/comments
DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.11.014
Abstract:
Anatomical homeostasis results from dynamic interactions between gene expression, physiology, and the external environment. Owing to its complexity, this cellular and organism-level phenotypic plasticity is still poorly understood. We establish planarian regeneration as a model for acquired tolerance to environments that alter endogenous physiology. Exposure to barium chloride (BaCl2) results in a rapid degeneration of anterior tissue in Dugesia japonica. Remarkably, continued exposure to fresh solution of BaCl2 results in regeneration of heads that are insensitive to BaCl2. RNA-seq revealed transcriptional changes in BaCl2-adapted heads that suggests a model of adaptation to excitotoxicity. Loss-of-function experiments confirmed several predictions: blockage of chloride and calcium channels allowed heads to survive initial BaCl2 exposure, inducing adaptation without prior exposure, whereas blockade of TRPM channels reversed adaptation. Such highly adaptive plasticity may represent an attractive target for biomedical strategies in a wide range of applications beyond its immediate relevance to excitotoxicity preconditioning.
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Adaptive plasticity has a great potential in the future applications within regenerative and reconstructive medicine besides deepening our understanding of morphological and phenotypic plasticity.
Cellular Automata: A Discrete Universe
Andrew Ilachinski
World Scientific (July 2001) pages 840
https://www.worldscientific.com/worldscibooks/10.1142/4702
DOI: 10.1142/4702
Description:
Cellular automata are a class of spatially and temporally discrete mathematical systems characterized by local interaction and synchronous dynamical evolution. Introduced by the mathematician John von Neumann in the 1950s as simple models of biological self-reproduction, they are prototypical models for complex systems and processes consisting of a large number of simple, homogeneous, locally interacting components. Cellular automata have been the focus of great attention over the years because of their ability to generate a rich spectrum of very complex patterns of behavior out of sets of relatively simple underlying rules. Moreover, they appear to capture many essential features of complex self-organizing cooperative behavior observed in real systems.
This book provides a summary of the basic properties of cellular automata, and explores in depth many important cellular-automata-related research areas, including artificial life, chaos, emergence, fractals, nonlinear dynamics, and self-organization. It also presents a broad review of the speculative proposition that cellular automata may eventually prove to be theoretical harbingers of a fundamentally new information-based, discrete physics. Designed to be accessible at the junior/senior undergraduate level and above, the book will be of interest to all students, researchers, and professionals wanting to learn about order, chaos, and the emergence of complexity. It contains an extensive bibliography and provides a listing of cellular automata resources available on the World Wide Web.
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The book that should be known to everyone who is working in complex systems. Cellular automata has a great potential in description of current and future scientific challenges that are being faced by the science.
The fractal geometry of nature
Benoit B Mandelbrot
W.H. Freeman, San Francisco (1982),
ISBN: 780716711865
https://archive.org/details/fractalgeometryo00beno/page/n9/mode/1up
Topics: Geometry, Mathematical models, Stochastic processes, Fractals
About the book:
Clouds are not spheres, mountains are not cones, and lightning does not travel in a straight line. The complexity of nature's shapes differs in kind, not merely degree, from that of the shapes of ordinary geometry, the geometry of fractal shapes.
Now that the field has expanded greatly with many active researchers, Mandelbrot presents the definitive overview of the origins of his ideas and their new applications. The Fractal Geometry of Nature is based on his highly acclaimed earlier work, but has much broader and deeper coverage and more extensive illustrations.
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Rarely is beauty of science accessible to the general public, as it is in the case of fractals discovered by Benoit Mandelbrot. Enjoy the free book.
Collective Intelligence of Morphogenesis as a Teleonomic Process
Michael Levin
In book: Evolution "On Purpose" (Aug 2023)
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373327098_Collective_Intelligence_of_Morphogenesis_as_a_Teleonomic_Process
DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/14642.003.0013
About the book of chapters:
A unique exploration of teleonomy—also known as “evolved purposiveness”—as a major influence in evolution by a broad range of specialists in biology and the philosophy of science. The evolved purposiveness of living systems, termed “teleonomy” by chronobiologist Colin Pittendrigh, has been both a major outcome and causal factor in the history of life on Earth. Many theorists have appreciated this over the years, going back to Lamarck and even Darwin in the nineteenth century. In the mid-twentieth century, however, the complex, dynamic process of evolution was simplified into the one-way, bottom-up, single gene-centered paradigm widely known as the modern synthesis. In Evolution “On Purpose,” edited by Peter A. Corning, Stuart A. Kauffman, Denis Noble, James A. Shapiro, Richard I. Vane-Wright, and Addy Pross, some twenty theorists attempt to modify this reductive approach by exploring in depth the different ways in which living systems have themselves shaped the course of evolution. Evolution “On Purpose” puts forward a more inclusive theoretical synthesis that goes far beyond the underlying principles and assumptions of the modern synthesis to accommodate work since the 1950s in molecular genetics, developmental biology, epigenetic inheritance, genomics, multilevel selection, niche construction, physiology, behavior, biosemiotics, chemical reaction theory, and other fields. In the view of the authors, active biological processes are responsible for the direction and the rate of evolution. Essays in this collection grapple with topics from the two-way “read-write” genome to cognition and decision-making in plants to the niche-construction activities of many organisms to the self-making evolution of humankind. As this collection compellingly shows, and as bacterial geneticist James Shapiro emphasizes, “The capacity of living organisms to alter their own heredity is undeniable.”
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Chapter Overview:
Multiscale competency is a central phenomenon in biology: molecular networks, cells, tissues, and organisms all solve prob lems via be hav ior in vari ous spaces (metabolic, physiological, anatomical, and the familiar 3D space of movement). These capabilities require being able to reach specific goal states despite perturbations and changes in their own parts and in the environment: effective teleonomy. Strong examples of the remarkable scaling of such goal states during teleonomic pro cesses are seen across development, regeneration, and cancer suppression. In this paper I illustrate examples of regulative morphogenesis of multicellular bodies as the teleonomic be hav ior of a collective intelligence composed of cells. This perspective helps to unify many phenomena across multiscale biology, and suggests a framework for understanding how teleonomic capacity increased and diversified during evolution. Thus, teleonomy is a linchpin concept that helps address key open questions around evolvability, biological plasticity, and basal cognition, and is a power ful invariant that drives novel empirical research programs.
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This chapter and book are very important to all researchers working in complex systems, biology, ecology, social sciences, medicine, computer design, and many other fields, as it describes the current stage of our understanding of morphological growth, self-organization, self-assembling, and self-repairing.
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When interested about this and similar type of research, feel free to follow and even recommend this question because many research result about complex systems, emergence, self-organization, self-assembling, and self-repairing, which are spanning many fields of science, will be weekly shared here.
Introduction to Scientific Programming with Python
Joakim Sundnes
Springer Cham (2020) pages 148
Series Title: Simula SpringerBriefs on Computing
Open Access PDF
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-50356-7
About this book:
This open access book offers an initial introduction to programming for scientific and computational applications using the Python programming language. The presentation style is compact and example-based, making it suitable for students and researchers with little or no prior experience in programming.
The book uses relevant examples from mathematics and the natural sciences to present programming as a practical toolbox that can quickly enable readers to write their own programs for data processing and mathematical modeling. These tools include file reading, plotting, simple text analysis, and using NumPy for numerical computations, which are fundamental building blocks of all programs in data science and computational science. At the same time, readers are introduced to the fundamental concepts of programming, including variables, functions, loops, classes, and object-oriented programming. Accordingly, the book provides a sound basis for further computer science and programming studies.
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Every researcher who wants to program in Python would benefit from this very useful introduction.
Dear Dr. Jiří Kroc
I would like to share quite an interesting topic that belongs to percolation theory, which is part of physical complex systems
Explosive transitions in numerical percolation systems
Please check the following link:
https://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/229416
Best Regards
Article Configurable Intelligent Design Based on Hierarchical Imitation Models
A proposal on a catalyst for the reaction methane + water => methanol + hydrogen
Ragnar Larsson
Open Journal of Chemistry 7(1): 001-003 (Jan 2021)
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348593663_A_proposal_on_a_catalyst_for_the_reaction_methane_water_methanol_hydrogen
DOI: 10.17352/ojc.000022
Abstract:
Based on the concepts and vocabulary of the SET model of catalysis a discussion is performed on what properties should characterize a catalyst promoting a reaction such as the one in the title, i.e., the production of methanol from methane in a non-oxidative environment. It is found that the η1 vibration of water (3652 cm-1 ) and the η4 vibration of methane (1306 cm-1) interact in resonance.
This means that 1306/3652 = 0.3576 whereas 5:14 = 0.3571. The difference between these two ratios is thus 0.0005. One notes that both frequency-values contain a factor of 1306/5 = 261 cm-1. The conclusion is that also the catalyst must take part in and promote that resonance, containing the same factor, 261 cm-1.
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An example of the application of complex systems thinking in chemistry. Please, share with those who might be interested about this exciting research area.
Certainly! Ragnar Larsson's research proposal delves into the catalytic aspects of converting methane to methanol in a non-oxidative environment, using the SET model of catalysis. The discussion revolves around the resonance interaction between specific vibrational frequencies: the η1 vibration of water at 3652 cm-1 and the η4 vibration of methane at 1306 cm-1.
The resonant relationship, quantified as the ratio 1306/3652, yields 0.3576, while the ratio 5:14 equates to 0.3571. The marginal difference of 0.0005 suggests a subtle yet significant correlation. Notably, both frequency values contain a common factor of 1306/5, resulting in 261 cm-1. The conclusion drawn is that the catalyst must actively participate in and promote this resonance, maintaining the same factor of 261 cm-1.
This proposal not only sheds light on the intricate dynamics of the catalytic process but also emphasizes the importance of resonance in the methane-to-methanol conversion. The research contributes to the growing field of catalysis by employing the SET model and exemplifies the application of complex systems thinking in chemistry. It provides a foundation for further exploration in this exciting and interdisciplinary research area, potentially paving the way for innovative catalyst design and application.
A mathematical theory of communication
C. E. Shannon
The Bell System Technical Journal 27:3 (July 1948) pp. 379 - 423
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6773024
DOI: 10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x
Abstract:
The recent development of various methods of modulation such as PCM and PPM which exchange bandwidth for signal-to-noise ratio has intensified the interest in a general theory of communication. A basis for such a theory is contained in the important papers of Nyquist 1 and Hartley 2 on this subject. In the present paper we will extend the theory to include a number of new factors, in particular the effect of noise in the channel, and the savings possible due to the statistical structure of the original message and due to the nature of the final destination of the information.
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After discovery of the concept of entropy by Ludwig Boltzmann in the middle of 19th century, this work is the second most important contribution to complex systems theory. This is why we should be at least aware of this milestone of the scientific description of the Nature.
Dear Dr. Jiří Kroc
Another example of complex systems comes when the Ginsburg–Landau equation is solved and visualized numerically on GPUs with CUDA.
Please look:
Article Numerical Simulation of the Complex Ginzburg-Landau Equation...
And also:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonlinear_Schr%C3%B6dinger_equation
Best Regards
Claude E. Shannon's groundbreaking work, "A Mathematical Theory of Communication," published in 1948, marked a pivotal moment in the field of information theory. This seminal paper addressed the burgeoning interest in communication methods, such as PCM and PPM, that traded bandwidth for signal-to-noise ratio. Shannon's contribution expanded upon the foundational works of Nyquist and Hartley, introducing new factors like the impact of noise in the communication channel and the potential savings derived from the statistical structure of the original message.
One of the key aspects of Shannon's theory is its consideration of entropy, a concept previously explored by Ludwig Boltzmann in the 19th century. The theory acknowledges the role of noise, statistical properties of messages, and the characteristics of the information's final destination in the communication process. This comprehensive approach laid the groundwork for understanding and optimizing communication systems.
The concept of entropy, as formalized by Shannon, provides a measure of uncertainty or disorder in a system, offering a profound insight into the fundamental nature of information. The paper's influence extends beyond the realm of communication theory, making it a significant contribution to the broader field of complex systems theory.
In summary, Shannon's "A Mathematical Theory of Communication" stands as a cornerstone in information theory, addressing critical aspects of communication processes and significantly impacting our understanding of complex systems. Its enduring relevance underscores the importance of this work in the scientific description of nature.
Turtles, Termites, and Traffic Jams: Explorations in Massively Parallel Microworlds
Mitchel Resnick
The MIT Press (1997) 184 pp.
https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262680936/turtles-termites-and-traffic-jams/
ISBN: 9780262680936
Description:
How does a bird flock keep its movements so graceful and synchronized? Most people assume that the bird in front leads and the others follow. In fact, bird flocks don't have leaders: they are organized without an organizer, coordinated without a coordinator. And a surprising number of other systems, from termite colonies to traffic jams to economic systems, work the same decentralized way. Turtles, Termites, and Traffic Jams describes innovative new computational tools that can qhelp people (even young children) explore the workings of such systems—and help them move beyond the centralized mindset.
Bradford Books imprint
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This book had been developed and devoted to teaching complex systems to students at the level of high schools. It is very suitable as an introduction into the subject even to all levels of students at universities.
Genetic Programming: On the Programming of Computers by Means of Natural Selection
By John R. Koza
The MIT Press 1992
https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262527910/genetic-programming/
ISBN: 9780262527910
Description:
In this ground-breaking book, John Koza shows how this remarkable paradigm works and provides substantial empirical evidence that solutions to a great variety of problems from many different fields can be found by genetically breeding populations of computer programs.
Genetic programming may be more powerful than neural networks and other machine learning techniques, able to solve problems in a wider range of disciplines. In this ground-breaking book, John Koza shows how this remarkable paradigm works and provides substantial empirical evidence that solutions to a great variety of problems from many different fields can be found by genetically breeding populations of computer programs. Genetic Programming contains a great many worked examples and includes a sample computer code that will allow readers to run their own programs.In getting computers to solve problems without being explicitly programmed, Koza stresses two points: that seemingly different problems from a variety of fields can be reformulated as problems of program induction, and that the recently developed genetic programming paradigm provides a way to search the space of possible computer programs for a highly fit individual computer program to solve the problems of program induction. Good programs are found by evolving them in a computer against a fitness measure instead of by sitting down and writing them.
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One of the milestones of evolutionary computation.
M. A. Arbib, Theories of Abstract Automata, Prentice-Hall, 1969. Interesting chapter on self-replicating machines.
A. T. Winfree, The Geometry of Biological Time, 1980. An unusual book.
M. Mesarovic and Y. Takahara, General Systems Theories: A Mathematical Approach, Elsevier, 1975.
J. Brown and D. Gann, Engineering Principles in Physiology, Vol I, Academic Press, 1973. Very interesting older work on 'systems biology' and the problem of integration of subsystems.
Universality in elementary cellular automata
Matthew Cook
Complex systems 15 (1), 1-40, 2004
https://content.wolfram.com/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/15-1-1.pdf
The purpose of this paper is to prove a conjecture made by Stephen Wolfram in 1985, that an elementary one dimensional cellular automaton known as “Rule 110” is capable of universal computation. I developed this proof of his conjecture while assisting Stephen Wolfram on research for A New Kind of Science [1].
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One of the very important proofs of universality of cellular automata: in other words, everything that we can compute can be implemented and solved in cellular automata. Everyone who is working in the area of computation might be interested about this result.
The paper by Matthew Cook, published in 2004, addresses and proves Stephen Wolfram's 1985 conjecture regarding the universality of Rule 110, an elementary one-dimensional cellular automaton. This achievement is crucial in the realm of computation, asserting that Rule 110 is capable of universal computation. The significance of this proof extends to the broader field of cellular automata, suggesting that these simple systems have the computational power to implement and solve any computation.
Cook's work, developed in collaboration with Stephen Wolfram during the research for "A New Kind of Science," stands as a noteworthy contribution to our understanding of cellular automata. The universality demonstrated in Rule 110 implies that everything computable can be implemented and solved within the framework of cellular automata. This finding holds particular relevance for researchers and professionals engaged in computational studies, emphasizing the broad applicability and computational prowess of cellular automata.
In essence, Cook's paper provides a detailed and compelling validation of Wolfram's conjecture, reinforcing the idea that these elementary systems possess the capacity for universal computation, thereby expanding our comprehension of the computational landscape within cellular automata.
Primer on Scientific Programming with Python
Hans Petter Langtangen
Springer Berlin, Heidelberg
Series Title Texts in Computational Science and Engineering
DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-49887-3
https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-662-49887-3
Abstract:
The book serves as a first introduction to computer programming of scientific applications, using the high-level Python language. The exposition is example and problem-oriented, where the applications are taken from mathematics, numerical calculus, statistics, physics, biology and finance. The book teaches "Matlab-style" and procedural programming as well as object-oriented programming. High school mathematics is a required background and it is advantageous to study classical and numerical one-variable calculus in parallel with reading this book. Besides learning how to program computers, the reader will also learn how to solve mathematical problems, arising in various branches of science and engineering, with the aid of numerical methods and programming. By blending programming, mathematics and scientific applications, the book lays a solid foundation for practicing computational science.
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A must have book to every Python programmer of scientific applications.
Expert Performance: Its Structure and Acquisition
Karl Ericsson & Neil Charness
American Psychologist 49(8):725-747 (Aug 1994)
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232519120_Expert_Performance_Its_Structure_and_Acquisition
DOI: 10.1037/0003-066X.49.8.725
Abstract:
Counter to the common belief that expert performance reflects innate abilities and capacities, recent research in different domains of expertise has shown that expert performance is predominantly mediated by acquired complex skills and physiological adaptations. For elite performers, supervised practice starts at very young ages and is maintained at high daily levels for more than a decade. The effects of extended deliberate practice are more far-reaching than is commonly believed. Performers can acquire skills that circumvent basic limits on working memory capacity and sequential processing. Deliberate practice can also lead to anatomical changes resulting from adaptations to intense physical activity. The study of expert performance has important implications for our understanding of the structure and limits of human adaptation and optimal learning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
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A very valuable review describing the information that is fundamental in becoming a genuine expert in literally any activity. Every researcher would benefit from the knowledge covered in this review.
Good luck at your own research. 🙏
Lessons from the Sun
Pierre-Marie Robitaille
Progress in Physics 3 (2011) 100--102
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257931345_Lessons_from_the_Sun
Absract:
In this brief note, the implications of a condensed Sun will be examined. A celestial body composed of liquid metallic hydrogen brings great promise to astronomy, relative to understanding thermal emission and solar structure. At the same time, as an incompressible liquid, a condensed Sun calls into question virtually everything which is currently believed with respect to the evolution and nature of the stars. Should the Sun be condensed, then neutron stars and white dwarfs will fail to reach the enormous densities they are currently believed to possess. Much of cosmology also falls into question, as the incompressibility of matter curtails any thought that a primordial atom once existed. Aging stars can no longer collapse and black holes will know no formative mechanism. A condensed Sun also hints that great strides must still be made in understanding the nature of liquids. The Sun has revealed that liquids possess a much greater potential for lattice order than previously believed. In addition, lessons may be gained with regards to the synthesis of liquid metallic hydrogen and the use of condensed matter as the basis for initiating fusion on Earth.
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Sometimes, a great discovery is hiding in the plain sight. This research continues and is gaining bigger impact over years.
Comput. Sci. Math. Forum 2023, 7(1), 55; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCMA2023-14396
Comput. Sci. Math. Forum 2023, 7(1), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCMA2023-14414
Comput. Sci. Math. Forum 2023, 7(1), 36; https://doi.org/10.3390/IOCMA2023-14425
https://scienceacademique.com/archives/1515
Dear Vladimir Egorov,
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Vladimir-Egorov-3
This question has one important rule: no self-promotion. The reason is simple. I did create a place where will be ensured as high quality of research as possible. This is achieved by sharing high quality research of others only! It avoids ine of the very common selection biases.
It is not said that it is your case, but as is seen too often that we researchers tends to overestimate the quality of our own research. Irrespectively of the quality of your shared research, you are breaking the rules of the question.
Thank you for not continuing in this activity. All the best in your research. When you need to promote your own research, make your own discussion forum here on RG.
Thank you for your understanding and all the best in your research.
Jiri Kroc
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Vladimir-Egorov-3
Dear Jiří Kroc,
This is not a matter of self-promotion, and I immediately understood your formulation of the question. I was waiting for this reaction of yours to my activity. By this I just want to say that this does not belong so much to me as to everyone. It seems to me that there is some flaw in your formulation of the question, which, ultimately, unnecessarily emphasizes the egoistic personality of the author, his possible affiliation with this or that culture, this or that state, this or that ideology, etc. Science, especially fundamental science, like any best thing, belongs to everyone. We cannot say, for example, that Newton's laws belong to the British, and Planck's constant belongs to the Germans. In this context, Newton and Planck are simply notations or even just labels. However, despite, as it seems to me, your wrongness in posing the question, in the future I will not interfere with your research. I wish you success.
Best wishes,
Vladimir Egorov
Dear colleagues in complexity science,
does anybody happen to know whether there is a solid, yet comprehensive (= all-encompassing in scope) theory or model which would describe the fundamental structures and processes/dynamics in ALL complex adaptive systems (CAS, non-linear + chaotic) ranging from the tiniest/shortest spatiotemporal scales, i.e., the quantum world (= "microcosm"), to the grandest/longest cosmic scales in both time and space known to us (= "macrocosm")?
Many thanks,
Julius
Water can trigger nuclear reaction to produce energy and anomalous gases
Bin-Juine Huang, Yu-Hsiang Pan, Po-Hsien Wu, Jong‑Fu Yeh, Ming‑Li Tso, Ying‑Hung Liu, Litu Wu, Ching‑Kang Huang, I‑Fee Chen, Che‑Hao Lin, T. R. Tseng, Fang‑Wei Kang, Tan‑Feng Tsai, Kuan‑Che Lan, Yi‑Tung Chen, Mou‑Yung Liao, Li Xu, Sih‑Li Chen, Robert Greenyer
Scientifc Reports 14 (2024) 214
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373710813_Water_can_trigger_nuclear_reaction_to_produce_energy_and_anomalous_gases
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.20412.62081
Abstract:
This paper reports the discovery that water can trigger a peculiar nuclear reaction and produce energy. Cavitation may induce unusual reactions through implosion of water vapor bubbles. Many of this research has been published formally or informally. We have conducted experiments using two reactor types made from multiple‑pipe heat exchanger and found that the heat exchange process of water produces peculiar excess heat and abnormally high pressure leading to rupture of the reactor. Recently, we have tested another eight reactors. Interestingly, these reactors produce non‑condensable gas. We suspected that they include 22Ne and CO2. We used a mass spectrometer (MS) to analyze 14 gas samples collected from 8 reactors, including ten samples showing a coefficient of performance COPx > 1.05 (with excess heat) and four having COPx < 1.05 (without excess heat). Several methods were adopted to identify the gas content. For CO2 identification, two methods are employed. For 22Ne identification, three methods are employed. All the results confirm that isotope 22Ne and regular CO2 really exist in the output gas from reactors determined to have excess heat. We conjecture a possible mechanism to produce 22Ne and CO2 and find out that 12C and isotope 17O are the intermediate. They finally form isotope gases containing 17O, including H2O‑17 (heavy‑oxygen water), isotope O2 (16O–17O), and isotope CO2 (12C–16O–17O). In the excess heat producing reactors, all these gasses were detected by MS in the absence of 20Ne and 21Ne. The observed isotope gases produced from reactors having excess heat verifies that water can trigger a peculiar nuclear reaction and produce energy.
Review of peculiar phenomena observed in heat exchange process of water
Possible energy production via water cavitation has been noted for a long time. It was occasionally reported formally or informally that cavitation of water may induce some form of reaction by way of implosion of water vapor bubbles which produces excess energy1–10. We have conducted experiments using two reactors made from concentric multiple-pipe heat exchanger and found that, when water is flowing through a tiny space and heated, it produces peculiar excess heat probably by cavitation and dynamic implosion of nanobubbles11. Water used in the experiments is the city water filtered by reverse osmosis (RO) filter. T he first reactor (VCS)11 is a triple-pipe heat exchanger (THX) (about 30 meter long) using R22 vapor from a freon compressor (3 kW input) as the heat source to heat the pressurized water (about 21 bar) flowing through a tiny channel of THX, about 2 mm gap. The water flow can be controlled as a pulse flow, about 2 to 10 cycles per minute, through a control valve. VCS was developed for 2 years with several modifications11. The inlet water temperature varied between 10 and 55 °C at average flowrate around 1.2 liter/min. The compressor outlet temperature varied around 150–160 °C. Modification of VCS-1, VCS-2a, VCS-2b, VCS-2c, VCS-3 includes the change 1 of pulse cycle period of water flow, the optimization of piping resistance in THX, and the change of lubrication oil of compressor which will alter the heating rate of water inside THX. T he coefficient of performance COPx is defined as the ratio of heat output to heat input across the reactor at steady state, (Qwnet + QLx)/(Wt − QL). The maximum COPx obtained in VCS was 4.26, Fig. 1a. Some peculiar phenomena were observed in VCS during the tests. Abnormally high pressure (greater than 720 bar) was observed which ruptured the pressure gauges and copper pipes, Fig. 1b. Possible nuclear transmutation was found by SEM/EDX inspection of ruptured copper pipe samples (C increases 200–500%, O 300–600%, Fe 400%, and new elements P, S, Ca appears). T he second reactor (Reactor 2) is a double-pipe heat exchanger (DHX)11. The pulsed water flow is heated inside the DHX by hot steam from a boiler. Shown in Fig. 2a is the performance variation during the development11. T he maximum COPx obtained was 2.55. Similar pipe rupture due to extreme high pressure (greater than 240 bar) takes place when COPx > 2.0. Possible nuclear transmutation in ruptured copper pipe was also observed, Fig. 2b. It was found that C increases 300%, O increases 700–800%, and Cl increases 63%.
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Transmutation of elements and chemicals is confirmed. Nuclear reactions can produce energy. This is a far reaching discovery that was initiated by Birkeland in the 19th century and the project Safire dealing with reproduction of processes undergoing in chronosphere of stars. It can be used, and is already tested, to decrease levels of pollution in gas engines!
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Evidence about transmutation of elements and chemicals using cavitation is gradually increasing. This article is opening a possibility to build converters of dangerous chemicals and atoms.
It seems to be that people of the past were somehow aware of those processes according to written accounts. In the near past, research of Birkeland and Safire project along with work of Viktor Shauenberg made basis to rediscovery of those processes.
What do you think about this research?
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Everyone who knows similar groundbreaking research in any research field that is linked to complex systems research is encouraged to share it with us. Thank you for your time and effort that go into helping others. 🙏
All interested researchers are welcome to follow and recommend this question to friends because similarly important research from possibly all research areas is going to be shared here.
Bin-Juine Huang, Yu-Hsiang Pan, Po-Hsien Wu, Jong‑Fu Yeh, Ming‑Li Tso, Ying‑Hung Liu, Litu Wu, Ching‑Kang Huang, I‑Fee Chen, Che‑Hao Lin, T. R. Tseng, Fang‑Wei Kang, Tan‑Feng Tsai, Kuan‑Che Lan, Yi‑Tung Chen, Mou‑Yung Liao, Li Xu, Sih‑Li Chen, Robert Greenyer
Scientifc Reports 14 (2024) 214
@Jiří Kroc: "What do you think about this research?"
I will express my first impression, which may be wrong. First, it is unfortunate that a reputable journal would publish such articles. Secondly, the abnormally large number of authors wanting to promote a dubious idea causes natural disgust.
Now to the point. In order for a nuclear reaction to occur, the nuclei must approach each other at very short distances, on the order of their size. In fact, from the short-range interaction between nucleons, they should at least just touch. To do this, the energy in water bubbles must be so large as to overcome the enormous repulsion of the electron shells of atoms, due to the Pauli principle. So far, as far as I know, in nature, within our field of vision, there is only one example where something like this can happen with the release of enormous energy. This is a thermonuclear bomb, in which, in order to “ignite” the nuclear fusion reaction, a preliminary nuclear explosion is used, based on the mechanism of a nuclear fission chain reaction, in which enormous energy is already released. So the Pauli principle is not a joke of quantum mechanics. In a thermonuclear bomb, the fusion reaction is uncontrollable. Physicists have been trying to make this fusion reaction controllable for many decades with the help of strong magnetic fields that hold high-temperature plasma in Tokamak installations. Roughly speaking, they are trying to simulate the thermonuclear fusion processes occurring on the Sun, using strong magnetic fields instead of enormous gravity, which is obviously inaccessible under Earth’s conditions. The results of these experiments are very modest, and even more so, access to some real technologies, such as thermonuclear reactors, is not visible even in the distant future. I don't work in this area myself. Therefore, “for the sake of interest,” I propose to forward this question to theoretical physicists who participate in projects at large international Tokamak installations. If I'm not mistaken, the largest international Tokamak installation is in France.
Continuation of the already added link to the following research paper:
Water can trigger nuclear reaction to produce energy and anomalous gases
Bin-Juine Huang, Yu-Hsiang Pan, Po-Hsien Wu, Jong‑Fu Yeh, Ming‑Li Tso, Ying‑Hung Liu, Litu Wu, Ching‑Kang Huang, I‑Fee Chen, Che‑Hao Lin, T. R. Tseng, Fang‑Wei Kang, Tan‑Feng Tsai, Kuan‑Che Lan, Yi‑Tung Chen, Mou‑Yung Liao, Li Xu, Sih‑Li Chen, Robert Greenyer
Scientifc Reports 14 (2024) 214
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/377082387_Water_can_trigger_nuclear_reaction_to_produce_energy_and_isotope_gases/comments
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Everyone who really wants to understand the phenomena described in the above publication can watch the following lecture provided by Robert Greenyer:
Watch "ULTR - A simple quick and repeatable demonstration of the LENR process - ISCMNS 15 - Assisi - 2022" on YouTube
https://youtu.be/AZ9RJr_s31w
Please, note that lecture slides are available through a link just bellow the video.
###
Just a few examples from research and applications. There are existing vortex devices which are utilized to destroy biological and chemical weapons effectively. Used by Soviet Union and confirmed by USA researchers. It can be used to decrease radiation levels of some radioactive elements.
The first experiments were conducted in Soviet Union many decades prior this process become recognized in western countries.
Why don’t you like my proposal to seek support from professional theorists studying controlled thermonuclear fusion? Personally, I don't believe these studies. There are so many reasons to completely forget about it. This study is not at all interesting to me.
Periodically acting reaction and its mechanism
[ Russian: "Периодически действующая реакция и ее механизм" ]
B. P. Belousov
Proceedings of Reports in Radiological Medicine (1959) 147: 145.
The original citation:
Б. П. Белоусов. Периодически действующая реакция и её механизм. Сборник рефератов по радиационной медицине за 1958 г. -М: Медгиз, 1959 с.145.
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Any of links to the journal, abstract, and publication in PDF file were not found. (Please share with us those links when available. Thank you.)
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One of the cornerstones of complex chemistry that helped us to understand periodic complex systems. Personally, I found the Belousov-Zhabotinski reaction a highly surprising when observed for the first time.
This reaction is giving us an insight into and simultaneously the experimental evidence of higly complex spatio-temporal behavior of some complex systems.
Mesoscopic and multiscale modelling in materials
Jacob Fish, Gregory J. Wagner & Sinan Keten
Nature Materials volume 20, pages 774–786 (2021)
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/351924928_Mesoscopic_and_multiscale_modelling_in_materials
DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2013.0475
Abstract:
The concept of multiscale modelling has emerged over the last few decades to describe procedures that seek to simulate continuum-scale behaviour using information gleaned from computational models of finer scales in the system, rather than resorting to empirical constitutive models. A large number of such methods have been developed, taking a range of approaches to bridging across multiple length and time scales. Here we introduce some of the key concepts of multiscale modelling and present a sampling of methods from across several categories of models, including techniques developed in recent years that integrate new fields such as machine learning and material design.
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An answer to the question of Julius Riese (full version follows).
After reading your question, I found important to share with you the notion of multiscale modeling, which is nicely explained in the above provided review. All multiscale models are highly computationally expensive and require powerful computers. Yet, they allow to bridge many descriptive scales within just one model, which is in some cases bringing fundamental understanding of physics, biology, and 0ther fields.
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The original question:
Julius Riese added a reply
January 17
Dear colleagues in complexity science,
does anybody happen to know whether there is a solid, yet comprehensive (= all-encompassing in scope) theory or model which would describe the fundamental structures and processes/dynamics in ALL complex adaptive systems (CAS, non-linear + chaotic) ranging from the tiniest/shortest spatiotemporal scales, i.e., the quantum world (= "microcosm"), to the grandest/longest cosmic scales in both time and space known to us (= "macrocosm")?
Many thanks,
Julius
...complex systems....
Two years ago I had a brain MRI (a stupid neurologist recommended it). I was amazed: after three brain contusions (1962, 1989, 1995), the MRI showed (or the stupid doctor wrote so) - atrophy of the cerebral cortex, numerous cerebral cysts, etc. How can I still communicate with you, I can't imagine!?
***
Examples of complex systems include the Earth's global climate, organisms, the human brain, infrastructure such as the electrical grid, transport or communication systems, complex software and electronic systems, social and economic organisations (e.g. cities), the ecosystem, the living cell and ultimately the entire universe.
***
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_brain
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B3_%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0
Rocks That Crackle and Sparkle and Glow: Strange Pre-Earthquake Phenomena
FRIEDEMANN T. FREUND
Journal of Scientific Exploration, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 37–71, 2003
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228778783_Rocks_that_crackle_and_sparkle_and_glow_Strange_pre-earthquake_phenomena
Abstract:
Seismic waves are the most dramatic and most intensely studied manifestations of earthquakes. However, we also know of non-seismic phenomena, which precede large earthquakes. Some of them have been reported for centuries, even millennia. The list is long and diverse: bulging of the Earth’s surface, changing well water levels, ground-hugging fog, low frequency electromagnetic emission, earthquake lights from ridges and mountain tops, magnetic field anomalies up to 0.5% of the Earth’s dipole field, temperature anomalies by several degrees over wide areas as seen in satellite images, changes in the plasma density of the ionosphere, and strange animal behavior. Because it seems nearly impossible to imagine that such diverse phenomena could have a common physical cause, there is great confusion and even greater controversy. This explains why reports on non-seismic pre-earthquake phenomenaare regarded with suspicion in the scientific community. This may change with the recent discovery that igneous and metamorphicrocks,which make up a majorportionof the Earth’s crust, contain electric charge carriers, which have been overlooked in the past. These charge carriers are defect electrons in the valence band, i.e., positive holes. Under normal conditionsthey are dormant, but when they ‘‘wake up’’, the rocks begin to sparkle and glow. This paper describes the physical and chemical nature of these positive holes, how they are introducedinto minerals and rocks, and how they become activated. Evidence will be presented that, once the positive holes are generated, currents propagate through the rocks leading to electromagnetic emission, to positive surface potentials, to corona discharges, to positive ion emission, and to mid-infrared radiation. These phenomena are expressions of the same fundamental process: the ‘‘awakening’’ of dormant positive hole charge carriers that turn rocks momentarily into p-type semiconductors.
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Understanding seismicity through thorow eperimental work revealed its surprising real root causes. This publication rightfully deserves our greater attention. Reading it is definitely not a lost time.
When interested, everyone is invited to follow this question. Please, everyone is welcomed to share with us interesting complex systems research from their own filed.
Sometimes, a lecture gives much more than reading many articles. This is exactly the case. This talk is a gem provided by the experimental physicists, Friedemann Freund who works at NASA.
This video is a continuation of the previously shared research paper of the same name.
Watch "Rocks that Crackle and Glow - Predicting Earthquakes | Friedemann Freund"
Global earthquake predictions are not only possible. Currently, a systém enabling it is going to be built.
https://youtu.be/aRXlk26TcGc
It's time to explore other planets, and not sit on a powder keg, getting pleasure from knowing the date when it will explode.
Research Physics & Life
Does Evolution Have a Target Morphology?
Fields. C. & Levin. M.
Organisms: Journal of Biological Sciences 4:1 (2020) 57-76.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343836567_Does_evolution_have_a_target_morphology
DOI: 10.13133/2532-5876/16961.
Abstract:
We suggest here that evolutionary and developmental processes differ primarily in scale. Both evolution and development are dynamical processes subject to bottom-up and top-down constraints, and both can be viewed as search processes in rugged landscapes with multiple attractors. An important aspect of regulative development and regeneration is the ability of the system to reach the same anatomical configuration from different starting points and despite perturbations – a robustness toward a specific “target morphology” as the set point of a homeostatic cycle. We propose that evolution can be viewed as a developmental process of life as a whole, and that principles of regulative development and regeneration can, therefore, be expected to be active at much larger spatio-temporal scales: the major evolutionary transitions, including endosymbiosis, multicellularity, and the emergence of social groups, can be regarded as features of a “target morphology” of organismal phylogeny that biological evolution can be expected to replicate starting from a wide range of initial states and under a wide range of environmental conditions. Each of these transitions, like anatomical homeostasis on the ontogenetic timescale, can be regarded as a solution to a single problem, the reduction of environmental uncertainty, as it is manifested at progressively larger scales.
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A very important view about biological ontogenesis and its destination. Is it really fixed? Can we alter it?
Genetic Algorithm- A Literature Review
Annu Lambora, Kunal Gupta & Kriti Chopra
Conference: 2019 International Conference on Machine Learning, Big Data, Cloud and Parallel Computing (COMITCon), Faridabad, India
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336439739_Genetic_Algorithm-_A_Literature_Review
DOI: 10.1109/COMITCon.2019.8862255
Abstract:
Genetic Algorithm (GA) may be attributed as method for optimizing the search tool for difficult problems based on genetics selection principle. In additions to Optimization it also serves the purpose of machine learning and for Research and development. It is analogous to biology for chromosome generation with variables such as selection, crossover and mutation together constituting genetic operations which would be applicable on a random population initially. GA aims to yield solutions for the consecutive generations. The extent of success in individual production is directly in proportion to fitness of solution which is represented by it, thereby ensuring that quality in successive generations will be better. The process is concluded once an GA is most suitable for the issues that need optimization associated with some computable system.. John Holland may be regarded as funding father of original genetic algorithm and is attributed to year 1970's as funding date. Additionally a random search method represented by Charles Darwin for a defined search space in order to effetely solve a problem. In this paper, what is genetic algorithm and its basic workflow is discussed how a genetic algorithm work and what are the process is included in this is also discussed. Further, the features and application of genetic algorithm are mentioned in the paper.
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Genetic algorithms are very useful in finding solution to certain tasks. Even their passive knowledge can broaden our understanding of solving scientific problems.
Threading Cellular Architecture Geometries
Alberto Fernandez González & Nikoletta Karastathi
In book: Phygital Intelligence (Jan 2024)
In: Yan, C., Chai, H., Sun, T., Yuan, P.F. (eds) Phygital Intelligence. CDRF 2023. Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication. Springer, Singapore.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/377144876_Threading_Cellular_Architecture_Geometries
DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-8405-3_9
Abstract:
In the massive computer architecture known as cellular automata (CA), finite-state machines, also known as finite-state automata, are arranged in a discontinuous network that permits local interactions between neighbors. As self-organizing artificial systems, such as neural networks and genetic algorithms, developed from vast systems formed with essential elements and just local interactions, CA is mainly related to artificial intelligence (AI) (a seed interacts with its own neighbors, which are usually just the cells closer to the seed as an activator). In order to produce architectural spaces of various sizes, this research develops digital experiments that analyze the interactions between environmental conditions as input, CA as generator/propagator, and geometrical emergent patterns from knitting and weaving processes as translators/mediators. This method functions as a bottom-up strategy in which information from the environment can influence the activation and deactivation of rules, theoretically fostering a reprogrammable structure that can evolve.
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A very promising approach of design of structurally complex materials using cellular automata with their inherent locality of evolution that allow use of technologically possible processes of production.
Explanation of Model G in Subquantum Kinetics
Brendan J. Darrer and Paul A. LaViolette
Introduction into the subject based on a published book; citations to the book and research papers included.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342393172_EXPLANATION_OF_MODEL_G_IN_SUBQUANTUM_KINETICS
Abstract
This paper is an introduction to subquantum kinetics (SQK), specifically for those scientists less familiar with the hypothesis. It explores the physics principles behind the terms in the subquatum kinetics Model G equation system, and mainly consists of sections extracted from the first part of the book “Subquantum Kinetics —A Systems Approach to Physics and Cosmology” by Paul A. LaViolette, Ph.D. (2012) [1].
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Quantum Mechanics is still not resolved and settled its own interpretation. This contribution is pointing towards the possible line of attack to explain QM phenomena using a deeper theory.
Personally, I found this approach very interesting and worth knowing due to its capability to explain many QM phenomena using it. Authors did a very good work.
Deep and open minded thinkers will find this research attractive and worth of thinking through.
There are too many undefined constants in the kinetic equations. Where to get them from? With so many kinetic constants, anything can be explained. There are no convincing comparisons with the experiment. And finally, there is a specialist in Belousov-Zhabotinsky reactions, this is Professor Vanag. He lives in Estonia. It is important to find out his opinion to what extent Belousov-Zhabotinsky can be extrapolated to the entire Universe. It will be good if he answers you and says that this is all an unbridled fantasy.
According to my own research on emergent information processing, even a very primitive, massively-parallel system operating above a regular matrix and evolving according to primitive evolution rules can produce astonishingly complex emergent structures. In the light of EIP research, your research looks very interesting and is possibly (QM is not my research field) paving the path towards the theory explaining QM and replacing all currently used QM interpretations (Copenhagen one).
Therefore, I will defend the authors' right to express and share with peers their hypothesis, which is possibly paving a path to a deeper understanding of subquantum processes, which, according to the above-mentioned explanation, might be much simpler than it seems to be. Self-organization and emergence are highly counterintuitive creatures that mislead many researchers into the wrong understanding of the true causes of many observed natural phenomena.
Actually, it is the main reason why the research on this particular subquantum model was shared. It reminds me of research on collective insects, where researchers thought for millenia that a queen was micromanaging the whole hive (nest). It had been proven by Gordon, through her tireless field research on ants, that they perform self-organizing and emergent operations through a carefully designed set of reactions of every single ant to any external stimuli. The problem is that we are unable to design the set of ants' microreactions according to the observed emergent structure called the ant-colony. Even the fastest computers are unable to perform this backward transformation or better to say search.
Hypotheses in science play a pivotal role in its advancement and cannot be easily discarded. Sometimes, not necessarily in this case, it takes decades or even centuries to replace an incorrect or incomplete hypothesis with another one. This process is very well described in the book "Structure of Scientific Revolutions."
One comment to the impossibility of using Belousov-Zhabotinski reactions like system in quantum mechnical descriptions. Isn't Schrödinger equation taken and modified equation from fluid mechanics? Comment: Schrödinger's orginal research field was theoretical hydrodynamics.
Jiří Kroc
If you really want to put Belousov-Zhabotinsky at the foundation of the Universe, then please do so, I won’t object. One less defective universe, one more...
P.S. The Schrödinger equation has nothing to do with fluid mechanics. Schrödinger derived it from the Hamilton-Jacobi equation for the action S, which is well known in classical mechanics, in an approximation now called the quasi-classical approximation.
Future medicine: from molecular pathways to the collective intelligence of the body
Eric Lagasse & Michael Levin
Trends in Molecular Medicine 29(9) (Jul 2023)
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372537024_Future_medicine_from_molecular_pathways_to_the_collective_intelligence_of_the_body
DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.06.007
Abstract
The remarkable anatomical homeostasis exhibited by complex living organisms suggests that they are inherently reprogrammable information-processing systems that offer numerous interfaces to their physiological and anatomical problem-solving capacities. We briefly review data suggesting that the multiscale competency of living forms affords a new path for biomedicine that exploits the innate collective intelligence of tissues and organs. The concept of tissue-level allostatic goal-directedness is already bearing fruit in clinical practice. We sketch a roadmap towards 'somatic psychiatry' by using advances in bioelectricity and behavioral neuroscience to design methods that induce self-repair of structure and function. Relaxing the assumption that cellular control mechanisms are static, exploiting powerful concepts from cybernetics, behavioral science, and developmental biology may spark definitive solutions to current biomedical challenges.
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One of the very promising avenues of research that is introducing us advanced healing methods is shared. Specialists and even general scientific community will benefit from the knowledge covered in this review, as it opens deeper understanding of complex biological systems.
Dear Jiri,
Before the the self-healing process is able to happen, our body has very essential self-destruction step to take - the apoptotic programmed cell death, and the removal of the cell debris through the last step of apoptosis - efferocytosis. Everyday, 330 billion cells (almost 1% of the number of the cells in an average human body) in a healthy human body are destroyed and removed by apoptosis. The dysfunction of apoptosis and efferocytosis is the sole cause of all human diseases ranging from cancer, cardiovascular diseases, pulmonary disease (like COPD), diabetes or gastrointestinal tract diseases. And overnutrition is the main cause of such dysfunction of apoptosis and efferocytosis.
Actually, our body never do the self-repair process to our damaged cells/tissues. To all dysfunctional/mutated cells, our immune system just carry out the self-destroy and rebuild process, which is more economically efficient and cost-saving.
I draw your attention to the title of the journal, which contains the word “molecular,” and to the abstracts of the article, which do not contain this word at all. With this remark I want to emphasize the adventurous nature of both this article and all modern medicine. “Somatic psychiatry” is still all pretty words without serious fundamental support for understanding the essence of the issue at the molecular level. Authors respected in their field have become so carried away by their fantasies that they have quietly forgotten about the keyword “molecular” in the title of the journal in which they publish.
What is the molecular mechanism of “somatic psychiatry”? I did not find an answer to this question, which is more than appropriate in this case.
https://www.nccih.nih.gov/research/research-results/multisensory-gamma-stimulation-promotes-glymphatic-clearance-of-amyloid-in-alzheimers-disease-models
I noticed that 10HZ sound and other HZ's are promising for treatment of brain plaques, etc.
Cell Self-Destruction (Programmed Cell Death), Immunonutrition and Metabolism
Ligen Yu
Biology 2023, 12, 949.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371988398_Cell_Self-Destruction_Programmed_Cell_Death_Immunonutrition_and_Metabolism
DOI: 10.3390/biology12070949
From the text of the editorial:
"Owing to the self-destructive inflammatory response and the swift and efficient removal of dead cell debris by efferocytosis [15], most microorganism infections are selflimiting, and inflammation is often asymptomatic, even though these microorganisms also cause harm to human somatic cells. Although for convenience, these “non-invasive” microorganisms are defined as commensal microbes and disease-causing microorganisms are defined as pathogens, no sharp and clear distinction exists between pathogens and symbiotic microbes. On one hand, microbial cells are closely related to human health [19]. Without the support of full-spectrum essential nutrients from diverse microbiota, malnutrition and nutritional imbalances occur, leading to metabolic syndrome, including morbid obesity, diabetes, liver disease, allergies and a compromised immune system [20]. On the other hand, many of these microorganisms in the normal microbiota are opportunistic pathogens [21]. In a state of overnutrition, the efferocytosis process may be delayed, leaving the uncleared self-destructed somatic cell debris as the nutrition base for microorganism proliferation. Overgrowth of any microbial species in the human body (like in the respiratory or gastrointestinal tract) coupled with the lipotoxicity from overnutrition can exacerbate inflammation at these sites and lead to disease [22]. It is the effective programmed cell death pathways running under a balanced nutrition state in the body that shapes a potentially pathogenic microbiome into a commensal microbiome."
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Everyone who wants to understand why and how diseases develop and goes out of the scale is welcomed to read articles in this special journal issue introduced by the shared editorial.
Self-enhanced mobility enables vortex pattern formation in living matter
Haoran Xu & Yilin Wu
Nature 627 (2024) 553-558
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/378940436_Self-enhanced_mobility_enables_vortex_pattern_formation_in_living_matter
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07114-8
Abstract:
Ranging from subcellular organelle biogenesis to embryo development, the formation of self-organized structures is a hallmark of living systems. Whereas the emergence of ordered spatial patterns in biology is often driven by intricate chemical signalling that coordinates cellular behaviour and differentiation1–4, purely physical interactions can drive the formation of regular biological patterns such as crystalline vortex arrays in suspensions of spermatozoa5 and bacteria6. Here we discovered a new route to self-organized pattern formation driven by physical interactions, which creates large-scale regular spatial structures with multiscale ordering. Specifically we found that dense bacterial living matter spontaneously developed a lattice of mesoscale, fast-spinning vortices; these vortices each consisted of around 104–105 motile bacterial cells and were arranged in space at greater than centimetre scale and with apparent hexagonal order, whereas individual cells in the vortices moved in coordinated directions with strong polar and vortical order. Single-cell tracking and numerical simulations suggest that the phenomenon is enabled by self-enhanced mobility in the system—that is, the speed of individual cells increasing with cell-generated collective stresses at a given cell density. Stress-induced mobility enhancement and fluidization is prevalent in dense living matter at various scales of length7–9. Our findings demonstrate that self-enhanced mobility offers a simple physical mechanism for pattern formation in living systems and, more generally, in other active matter systems10 near the boundary of fluid- and solid-like behaviours11–17.
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Taken together, we have discovered that self-enhanced mobility in dense bacterial suspensions creates multiscale spatial order out of active turbulence, driving the formation of mesoscale vortices arranged in a centimetre-scale hexagonal lattice. The vortex lattice pattern studied here is different from several examples previously reported5,6,39–41, in regard to both the phenomenology and underlying mechanism (Supplementary Information). Vortex structures are characteristic of turbulent flows that are ubiquitous in nature spanning vast length scales, ranging from quantum fluids to galaxies. Here we demonstrate a unique route by which chaotic vortex structures in turbulent flows can spontaneously stabilize. Ordered vortex structures have long been theoretically predicted in dense active polar fluids17,19,29,42,43, and our work provides experimental evidence.
More generally, our work suggests self-enhanced mobility as a generic mechanism for self-organization in dense living matter and synthetic active matter44. In this mechanism, mobility enhancement could be due to either modification of the local physical environment by self-generated mechanical stresses (via motility or growth) or active regulation of motility in response to local stimuli. The mechanism may therefore provide new insights into large-scale cell movement in the developing animal embryo45,46. Meanwhile, active fluids share phenomenological similarities with quantum superfluids47. Our findings may offer a new perspective to examine the analogy between active and quantum fluids.
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Those who are curious about possible ways of self-organization in biological, physical, and even quantum systems are welcome to read this very important research on self-enhanced mobility.
When interested, please share futher among your peers. :-) 🙏
I did not find in the accompanying materials of the article the mathematical equations that were used by the authors in the numerical modeling of very diverse self-organization processes observed in experiment. In the main text of the article, I did not find even a hint of at least a verbal indication of the reason that should be expressed mathematically, and which is the physical reason for the self-organization allegedly observed in the experiment. I would be grateful to everyone who will dispel my, perhaps unfounded, doubts about the satisfactory quality of this “epoch-making” article in the most prestigious journal in the world. In addition, I really hope that the authors in their experiments did not use the same glasses from which they usually drink tea.
IS THERE A REPRODUCIBILITY CRISIS?
A Nature survey lifts the lid on how researchers view the ‘crisis’ rocking science and what they think will help.
MONYA BAKER
NATURE 533 (2016) 452-454
PDF link:
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1%2C500-scientists-lift-the-lid-on-reproducibility-Baker/57b101db87fb0b67fbe8b57f90b83f8e9efe81a6
DOI: 10.1038/d41586-019-00067-3
The first paragraph:
More than 70% of researchers have tried and failed to reproduce another scientist’s experiments, and more than half have failed to reproduce their own experiments. Those are some of the telling figures that emerged from Nature’s survey of 1,576 researchers who took a brief online questionnaire on reproducibility in research. The data reveal sometimes-contradictory attitudes towards reproducibility. Although 52% of those surveyed agree that there is a significant ‘crisis’ of reproducibility, less than 31% think that failure to reproduce published results means that the result is probably wrong, and most say that they still trust the published literature.
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About reproducibility of research by researchers.
There is nothing surprising. The general decline in ethical morals among the broad masses has also reached and swallowed up the scientific community. Moreover, this, surprisingly, is combined with widespread and hypocritical discussions about copyright, plagiarism, etc. Alas, the law of the jungle appears on the scene again, fortunately, in a modern “advanced” format. How can the reproducibility of an experiment be possible if there is nothing but lies and lies all around!
In all specializations, there are complex systems that need to be applied practically on the ground, arousing interest and a desire to follow up, and researchers must be serious in conducting practical experiments.
Dear Prof. Ghaleb Mhaibis,
That is exactly one of the main, if not the main, reasons why this question was raised. No one knows everything. By sharing important complex systems' related research, we can mutually teach others. Actually, it is not about teaching per se; it is more about showing the horizons of the possible. Experimental evidence is the main driver of complex systems' research.
Everyone working in any scientific discipline can contribute to this question. We never know how a little extra work can help others, on their own path, to understand the bigger picture.
Good luck with your own research.
Jiri Kroc
Machine Learning in Medicine – A Complete Overview
Ton J. Cleophas & Aeilko H. Zwinderman
Springer (2020) pp 516
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339672975_Machine_Learning_in_Medicine_-_A_Complete_Overview
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-33970-8
Abstract:
Adequate health and health care is no longer possible without proper data supervision from modern machine learning methodologies like cluster models, neural networks, and other data mining methodologies. The current book is the first publication of a complete overview of machine learning methodologies for the medical and health sector, and it was written as a training companion, and as a must-read, not only for physicians and students, but also for any one involved in the process and progress of health and health care. In this second edition the authors have removed the textual errors from the first edition. Also, the improved tables from the first edition, have been replaced with the original tables from the software programs as applied. This is, because, unlike the former, the latter were without error, and readers were better familiar with them. The main purpose of the first edition was, to provide stepwise analyses of the novel methods from data examples, but background information and clinical relevance information may have been somewhat lacking. Therefore, each chapter now contains a section entitled "Background Information". Machine learning may be more informative, and may provide better sensitivity of testing than traditional analytic methods may do. In the second edition a place has been given for the use of machine learning not only to the analysis of observational clinical data, but also to that of controlled clinical trials. Unlike the first edition, the second edition has drawings in full color providing a helpful extra dimension to the data analysis. Several machine learning methodologies not yet covered in the first edition, but increasingly important today, have been included in this updated edition, for example, negative binomial and Poisson regressions, sparse canonical analysis, Firth's bias adjusted logistic analysis, omics research, eigenvalues and eigenvectors.
###
Machine learning can discover, when practiced correctly, so far unknown influences and interdependence among biochemical reactions, physiological functions, and health.
My impression is that people who want to study complex systems are trying to abandon the traditional way of thinking scientifically. Namely, they try not to reduce the complex to the simple, but, on the contrary, they strive to unjustifiably complicate the simple. The reason for this behavior is most likely not related to the desire to understand the essence of a complex problem, but to the desire to demonstrate to others that one is involved in solving an extremely important problem, which is ultimately supposed to be monetized at some stage.
Statistical mechanics of complex networks
Réka Albert and Albert-László Barabási
Reviews of Modern Physics 74 – (2002) 47
https://journals.aps.org/rmp/abstract/10.1103/RevModPhys.74.47
DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.74.47
Abstract
Complex networks describe a wide range of systems in nature and society. Frequently cited examples include the cell, a network of chemicals linked by chemical reactions, and the Internet, a network of routers and computers connected by physical links. While traditionally these systems have been modeled as random graphs, it is increasingly recognized that the topology and evolution of real networks are governed by robust organizing principles. This article reviews the recent advances in the field of complex networks, focusing on the statistical mechanics of network topology and dynamics. After reviewing the empirical data that motivated the recent interest in networks, the authors discuss the main models and analytical tools, covering random graphs, small-world and scale-free networks, the emerging theory of evolving networks, and the interplay between topology and the network’s robustness against failures and attacks.
###
A must read publication that shouldn't miss in everyones library. One of the key reviews helping researchers to understand complex networks from the scratch.
I scrolled through the article, but did not see a physics there, although the article was published in one of the most prestigious physics journals. The article is already 22 years old, and the rumor about it should have already spread throughout the world. But I had never heard of her before. I would find out the opinion of a specialist about it, namely, Professor Vitaly Voloshin from Troy University (USA), who studies the theory of graphs as a mathematician.
Vitaly Voloshin
Professor
Area of Research: Graph and Hypergraph Theory
Phone: 334-670-3552
Email: [email protected]
Website: http://spectrum.troy.edu/voloshin/
"One of the greatest disasters of civilization is the scientific fool."
-- Karel Capek
“The world will be destroyed not by an atom or cancer, but by a greedy fool.”
--Sergey Kapitsa
Electromagnetic Earthquake Triggering: Field Observations, Laboratory Experiments, and Physical Mechanisms—A Review
Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth 58:1 (2022) 30-58
Vladimir Zeigarnik, Leonid Bogomolov & Victor Novikov
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358038106_Electromagnetic_Earthquake_Triggering_Field_Observations_Laboratory_Experiments_and_Physical_Mechanisms-A_Review
DOI: 10.1134/S1069351322010104
Abstract:
A review of the pioneering studies on the electromagnetic triggered seismicity carried out in Russia in 1995-2020 is presented. Field observations of artificial and natural electromagnetic impacts on seismicity are analyzed. The results of physical modeling of triggering a fracture and a "laboratory earthquake" by electric impulses on a specialized press machine and on a spring-block model of a crustal fault are described. The probable mechanisms of the triggering electromagnetic impact on the deformation processes in the earthquake source are considered. The results of the field experiments, laboratory modeling, and theoretical analysis carried out over the past 25 years prove the existence of a new type of triggering impact on the deformation processes in the Earth crust-the electromagnetic triggering of seismic events. The possible ways of applying electromagnetic triggered seismicity to reduce seismic hazard are discussed.
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This review is covering very thorough research on earthquakes triggering. Many of us can be interested about it because it has far consequences to the majority of population.
The fantastic combinations of John Conway's new solitaire game "life"
Martin Gardner
This article was originally published with the title “Mathematical Games” in Scientific American Magazine Vol. 223 No. 4 (October 1970), p. 120--123
DOI: 10.1038/scientificamerican1070-120
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/mathematical-games-1970-10/
PDF townload:
https://web.stanford.edu/class/sts145/Library/life.pdf
From the text:
This month we consider Conway's latest brainchild, a fantastic solitaire pastime he calls "life". Because of its analogies with the rise, fall and alternations of a society of living organisms, it belongs to a growing class of what are called "simulation games"--games that resemble real-life processes. To play life you must have a fairly large checkerboard and a plentiful supply of flat counters of two colors. (Small checkers or poker chips do nicely.) An Oriental "go" board can be used if you can find flat counters that are small enough to fit within its cells. (Go stones are unusable because they are not flat.) It is possible to work with pencil and graph paper but it is much easier, particularly for beginners, to use counters and a board.
###
Those who doesn't know historical milestones in development of the scientific field under the consideration can lose a lot of time by looking in dead-end routes. The way is already paved. Yet, nothing will stay carved into the stone in science for long time.
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