What is the min DMSO concentration to dissolve unknown drugs?

I have some extract products which need to be tested for their anti-viral property. For this I dissolved them in 100% DMSO and later diluted them 10 times in ethanol (100%) and again 10 times in...

31 December 2012 3,033 28 View

How to define early phase or later phase of immune response?

Many scientific articles mention early phase or later phase in classifying immune response or signalling against a pathogen. How are the early or late defined? Is any time gap strictly followed or...

11 December 2012 1,994 2 View

Outsourcing MAb synthesis?

I recently found a website (http://www.ab-mart.com/) which states that they can produce MAb for a protein (6 MAb/protein) for $1500 within 100 days. We have to send the nucleotide sequence of the...

06 July 2012 4,092 4 View

Is HPLC purification essential for real-time PCR primers?

I have been using HPLC purified primers for real-time PCR because it was recommended by the supplier. Has anyone tried without purification or Bio RP purified primers? Is HPLC purification...

06 July 2012 7,102 22 View

Why is Poly I:C a more potent PRR stimulator?

Among many synthetic PRR ligands, like imiquimod, CpGs, poly I:C is stronger stimulator of IFN and ISGs. Does any one has a detailed reason for this? Can you recommend any published...

04 May 2012 1,755 6 View

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02 March 2021 3,060 3 View

Issues with Permeabilization during Flow Cytometry?

Hello Everyone. Currently I am working to characterize macrophages in the myocardium after ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Due to the low total cell number isolated from rat hearts I can...

01 March 2021 3,867 3 View

Which cell line should we use to perform biological dosimetry experiments?

We are preparing some experiments based on irradiating cells under different conditions in order to evaluate the effects in terms of DNA damage, genetic expression, etc. As our project is...

01 March 2021 3,355 3 View

Is it possible for two human neuronal cell lines to have different gene sequence for the same protein?

I am looking at the ATP1A2 (Sodium/Potassium ATPase alpha subunit 2) in two human neuronal cell lines. Expression levels of this protein seems to be almost equal when detected by one antibody....

01 March 2021 3,607 3 View

Is CD44 degraded in lysosome together with hyaluronan after CD44 mediated endocytosis of hyaluronic acid?

Also when RHAMM binds hyaluronic acid, they get internalized, will RHAMM also be degraded? Or both CD44 and RHAMM will be transferred back to the cell membrane? Asking for breast cancer cell line...

01 March 2021 8,169 2 View

Do you need the CMV enhancer before the CMV promotor for a proper function of CMV on the gene that follows?

I'm a student and I have to produce a cell line with a knockin for the NRF2 gene with GFP. I have to put a promotor in front of the GFP because the gene will be too far away from the promotor of...

28 February 2021 7,127 2 View

What could be some reasons why unstimulated monocytes are getting activated?

Im doing PBMC isolation -> CD14+ enrichment using magnetic beads -> stimulation setup. My negative control is just cells in cRPMI but they seem to get activated over and over again.

28 February 2021 7,883 3 View

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28 February 2021 9,936 2 View

When is it unnecessary to change organisational culture?

As a former management practitioner, I recall a generally accepted view that changing organisational culture is difficult, so you should only attempt it if the organisational change that you are...

27 February 2021 2,595 8 View

Does RNAiMAX transfection reagent work in serum free medium?

I diluted siRNA and RNAiMAX in opti-MEM and added to the cells which they were in the growth medium. Is it a right way? or should I culture cells in the opti-MEM medium for a while and not in...

26 February 2021 10,041 3 View