We are looking for PM 2.5 for our animal model study. So far, I can not find commercial particulate matter 2.5, most available in the market are DEP or urban particulate matter which is a variety of particulate matter.
Can anyone direct me to any companies who sale PM 2.5?
Sittisak,
I am worried you won't find what you search. PM2.5 is a convention and not a type of particles/material. PM2.5 means particulate matter with particles non larger than a certain aerodynamic size. Only a chemical and physical characterization of any commercial product labeled "PM2.5" would give you useful indication for your animal model study. I always found miss leasing also the concept of commercial "DEP" or "urban PM" considering that two urban settings can be completely different characteristics.
Dr. Emanuele,
Thank for your comments.
We might change to DEP or Urban PM instead.
However, the endpoints for their effects on health may be changed too. If I am correct, DEP and Urban PM consist of variety of chemicals binding into PM for example PAHs, VOCs, metals, etc...
Do you have any comments on their characteristics which will have effects on health?
Dear Sittisak,
The definition of PM - particulate matter - is on purpose very generic. PAH, metals, SVOC, are part of PM as well as the black carbon or elemental carbon portion.
Question:
When you would have the sample as a powder do you then want to put it in the air for an inhalation study? in that case you do not get back the original particles.
Dear Harry,
We will dissolve PM with solution and then introduce PM to mouse by installation through its nose. For other VOCs, an inhalation unit will be used.
All papers viewed, they usually collected ambient air via cyclone and impactor for size selection. This seem to be the only way that we can have PM2.5 from air?
I like to refer to studies of toxicologists, of for instance of dr Fleming Cassee, who do in-situ tests and concentrate real outdoor aerosol with PM2.5
NIST SRM 2783 is the only artificially prepared PM 2.5 (But on filter media) in the market....(2 loaded...and 2 blanks in each set). But, it may not serve your purpose I guess since the mass load is small and the CRM states only the elemental mass fractions.
Harry's advise above seems more practical
In situ tests have the big disadvantage of assessing the toxicity of a very specific aerosol/PM2.5. Considering the complexity and potential variability of the PM2.5 in terms of chemical composition and other properties, I don't know how an in-site test can draw generic conclusion on the toxicity of PM2.5
Many studies have shown that fine and ultra fine PM can cause generation of ROS (reactive oxygen species) which will result in oxidative stress in cellular level or even cancer. For example, this paper https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6688171_The_role_of_reactive_oxygen_species_and_oxidative_stress_in_mediating_particulate_matter_injury
Article The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species and Oxidative Stress in ...
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