A lysis buffer is a buffer solution used for the purpose of breaking open cells for use in molecular biology experiments that analyze the labile macromolecules of the cells (e.g. western blot for protein, or for DNA extraction). Most lysis buffers contain buffering salts (e.g. Tris-HCl) and ionic salts (e.g. NaCl) to regulate the pH and osmolarity of the lysate. Sometimes detergents (such as Triton X-100 or SDS) are added to break up membrane structures. For lysis buffers targeted at protein extraction, protease inhibitors are often included, and in difficult cases may be almost required. Lysis buffers can be used on both animal and plant tissue cells.

A lysis buffer is a buffer solution used for the purpose of breaking open cells for use in molecular biology experiments that analyze the labile macromolecules of the cells (e.g. western blot for protein, or for DNA extraction). Most lysis buffers contain buffering salts (e.g. Tris-HCl) and ionic salts (e.g. NaCl) to regulate the pH and osmolarity of the lysate. Sometimes detergents (such as Triton X-100 or SDS) are added to break up membrane structures. For lysis buffers targeted at protein extraction, protease inhibitors are often included, and in difficult cases may be almost required. Lysis buffers can be used on both animal and plant tissue cells.

The purpose of the PBS buffer is to set the pH.

Mg2+, as MgCl2, acts a a counterion for the phosphodiester backbone of the nucleic acids, which helps them to be flexible by eliminating charge repulsion, I think.

I think BSA is there as a blocking agent to help keep the aptamer from sticking to surfaces. The yeast tRNA is probably there for the same reason, unless it is part of the experiment.

I can't think of what purpose the glucose serves.

I agree with Adam on the ssid components. The glucose is used to stabilize the dried mixture on the test surface, whether it is a membrane or polystyrene well.