I want to test nanoparticles toxicity in soil enzyme activity. The samples consists of mixture of soil and nanoaprticles. The substrate i am using is triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC).
Ideally you should do a baseline with air on the reference beam and sample beam for transmission. Then measure the substrate first. After that, you should measure your nanoparticles and soil, respectively. Finally measure the mixture on the substrates. Keep the reference beam with air all the time. At the end, you can work out what the interaction between particles and soil. From transmission spectra, you can easily compare with all the diffetences among all substances involved. Then you can extract the influence from nanoparticles on the soil. You could convert the transmission spectra at the end.
If you use a double beam spectrophotometer (almost modern ones are), the reference beam is always the air, (In another word it leaves empty). Sometimes people called blank. Hope it clears.