Depending on the energy of the incident laser photon, if it exceeds the ionization potential of the material it strikes then an electron can be liberated. On the other hand using for example an excimer laser, material ablation can occur and the excessive energy is carried away as kinetic energy by the ablating material.
Ablation is the removal of material from a target once a laser beam is focused on the target. Material ablation depends on many parameters of the laser such as , intensity, time duration and its wavelength.
Probably the pulse duration of the laser has influence as wel as the pulse energy and wavelength. I am not an expert, but when I need to figure out new optical elements I always have to take those 3 things into account to prevent optics to get damaged due to laser irradiation.
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