Determine the desired characteristic impedance (Z0) for your microstrip patch antenna. This is typically based on the specifications of your antenna design and the impedance of your feeding network or system.
Choose an initial width (W1) for the first section of the feed line. This width can be calculated using standard microstrip transmission line formulas or empirical equations, such as the one proposed by Hammerstad and Jensen for the effective dielectric constant of microstrip lines.
Calculate the length (L1) of the first section using the following formula: L1 = λg/4, where λg is the guided wavelength at the characteristic impedance Z0 for the chosen width W1.
Choose a width (W2) for the second section of the feed line. This width can be determined using the desired characteristic impedance Z0, the width W1 of the first section, and the empirical equations or simulation tools available.
Calculate the overall length of the two-section feed line by adding the length of the first section L1 and the length of the second section, L2, which can be calculated using the guided wavelength at the characteristic impedance Z0 for the chosen width W2.
Three-Section Feed Line:
Determine the desired characteristic impedance (Z0) for your microstrip patch antenna.
Choose an initial width (W1) for the first section of the feed line using the same methods as in the two-section feed line design.
Calculate the length (L1) of the first section using the same formula as in the two-section feed line design: L1 = λg/4.
Choose a width (W2) for the second section of the feed line, which can be determined based on the desired characteristic impedance Z0, the width W1 of the first section, and the empirical equations or simulation tools available.
Calculate the length (L2) of the second section using the same formula as in the two-section feed line design: L2 = λg/4.
Choose a width (W3) for the third section of the feed line, which can be determined based on the desired characteristic impedance Z0, the width W2 of the second section, and the empirical equations or simulation tools available.
Calculate the overall length of the three-section feed line by adding the lengths of the three sections: L = L1 + L2 + L3.
Determine the width (W) and length (L) of each section of the multi-section feed line.
Calculate the characteristic impedance (Z) of each section using the following formula for microstrip lines:Z = [(60 / √(εreff))] * ln [(8H/W) + (W/4H)]where H is the height of the substrate, W is the width of the microstrip line, and εreff is the effective dielectric constant