Tanjida Akter Kona ,

The information for Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) is a "multilateral agreement on intellectual property" , its summary can be found in [1]. You can read through the whole reference but important points that clearly jumps out (at least to me ) are:

1) "computer programs, whether in source or object code, shall be protected as literary works under the Berne Convention"

2) "Databases are eligible for copyright protection provided that they by reason of the selection or arrangement of their contents constitute intellectual creations."

This last one has been brought in cases were web crawling has taken place and they scrape information stored in databases (e.g. user profiles, posts, etc.).

For information on patent regimes see [2][3]. Note that the term 'regime' as used in these references (at least from my interpretation) is a broad one.

References

[1]https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/trips_e/intel2_e.htm

[2]https://digitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1130&context=clpe

[3]https://www.oecd.org/science/inno/24508541.pdf

TRIPS is an annex to the GATT, it sets minimum levels of patent protection that signatory states have to grant. In terms of right to health, its most important contribution has been to force most countries to grant patents for drugs. Previously many would only grant patents for processes for making drugs, and generally it takes very little effort to come up with an alternative unpatented process. The result - cheap versions of modern drugs can no longer be made and sold while the drug product patent is alive (and patents generally run for twenty years). The negotiation that led to TRIPS was very much one of asymmetric power - small countries swallowed the requirements of the US and the EU in order in return to secure access to those markets for their agricultural products. Compulsory patent licences were pretty well killed off and the threat of ever greening (effectively patent term extension) was introduced and has been followed up vigorously by the US and EU in bilateral trade agreements. For more, look to the writings of Peter Drahos and Carlos Correa among many others.