Copper is inorganic element ,that needed for human health,and even its toxic,but with small amounts are needed,
opper, an essential mineral, is naturally present in some foods and is available as a dietary supplement. It is a cofactor for several enzymes (known as “cuproenzymes”) involved in energy production, iron metabolism, neuropeptide activation, connective tissue synthesis, and neurotransmitter synthesis [1-3]. One abundant cuproenzyme is ceruloplasmin (CP), which plays a role in iron metabolism and carries more than 95% of the total copper in healthy human plasma [4]. Copper is also involved in many physiologic processes, such as angiogenesis; neurohormone homeostasis; and regulation of gene expression, brain development, pigmentation, and immune system functioning [1]. In addition, defense against oxidative damage depends mainly on the copper-containing superoxide dismutases [5,6].
A wide variety of plant and animal foods contain copper, and human health affect health.So how copper is affecting health.
Copper is a possible treatment for various neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Creutzfeldt-Jakob.
Article Copper in Diseases and Treatments, and Copper-Based Anticanc...
Copper is an essential mineral for human health. It helps maintain a healthy metabolism, promotes healthy bones and ensures proper functioning of nervous system. Copper is essential for absorbing iron from the gut. Thus, copper deficiency may lead to anaemia.
Article Copper Deficiency Reduces Iron Absorption and Biological Hal...
Article Copper deficiency suppresses the immune response of mice
Copper deficiency weaken the immune system of the body by reducing the production of neutrophils.
Article Impaired Deformability of Copper-Deficient Neutrophils
Article Neutropenia Caused by Copper Deficiency: Possible Mechanisms of Action
Copper deficiency may cause osteoporosis.
Article Low Serum Levels of Zinc, Copper, and Iron as Risk Factors f...
Article Adequate Serum Copper Concentration Could Improve Bone Densi...
Copper is used by enzymes that help supply energy to the brain and relay signals to the body. Thus, copper deficiency leads to diseases that affect the ability to learn and remember, such as Alzheimer's disease.
Article Copper: From neurotransmission to neuroproteostasis
Article Metabolism and functions of copper in brain
Copper deficiency is associated with premature graying of hair.
Article Relationship between Trace Elements and Premature Hair Graying
Article Serum Iron, Zinc, and Copper Concentration in Premature Gray...
Article Premature graying of hair
Copper deficiency may also cause pale skin.
Article The unravelling of the complex pattern of tyrosinase inhibition
Article Mutational Analysis of Copper Binding by Human Tyrosinase
Long term copper deficiency may lead to vision loss.
Article Acute and Bilateral Blindness Due to Optic Neuropathy Associ...
Article Optic neuropathy associated with copper deficiency after gas...
Article Combined Optic Neuropathy and Myelopathy Secondary to Copper...
copper is essential element ,
, a trace element, is heavily involved in cell oxidation and signaling systems. Etiology of anemia in copper deficiency is complex and multifactorial. Ceruloplasmin, a major copper carrying protein in the blood, oxidizes ferrous iron to ferric form which allows iron to be transported in the circulation and bind to transferrin. Another important element in copper–iron interaction is Hephaestine, which is a copper-dependent ferroxidase. This is a transport protein involved in iron absorption from enterocytes [1], which can explain the development of microcytic hypochromic anemia in some patients.
copper is important , and enters in many biochemical pathways
Macrocytosis, neutropenia, and neurological manifestations are related to the role of copper as an important cofactor in enzymatic processes involved in cell division and protein synthesis. Copper acts as a cofactor in several enzymes that have a critical role in the structure and function of the central nervous system. These enzymes include cytochrome-c-oxidase in the mitochondrial electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, superoxide dismutase for oxidative protection, crosslinking of collagen and elastin by lysyl oxidase, dopamine beta-hydroxylase for catecholamine biosynthesis, and peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase for peptide neurotransmitters and hormones processing [2].
Neurologically, copper deficiency can manifest as myelopathy and peripheral neuropathy simulating subacute combined degeneration [3,4]. Unlike Wilson disease, in which excessive copper deposition in tissues leads to cardiac dysfunction, liver cirrhosis, and pancreatic dysfunction, copper deficiency has not been reported to affect these organs.
Copper has been reported to have effect on diet and diseases, verview of copper metabolism in humans is highlighted . The highest content of copper is found in the liver. The total amount of copper in an adult human body is approximately 50–120 mg. The liver is the fundamental organ involved in copper hemostasis. The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for copper is 900 mcg/day in adults. Copper is predominantly absorbed in the stomach and duodenum. P-type ATPase (ATP7A) is an intestinal copper transporting protein which is deficient in Menkes disease. The latter is an x-linked genetic disorder caused by an inactivating mutation of the ATP7A gene.
Copper is a possible treatment for various neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Creutzfeldt-Jakob.
Article Copper in Diseases and Treatments, and Copper-Based Anticanc...
Copper deficiency is an recognized cause of gait unsteadiness.
Article Copper Deficiency Myeloneuropathy Due to Occult Celiac Disease
Article Lesson of the Week Copper deficiency as a treatable cause of...
Please also take a look at these useful RG links.
Article Copper as an essential nutrient
Article Essentiality of Copper in Humans
Article Copper in human health
Article Dietary Copper and human health: current evidence and unreso...
Chapter Copper in Medicine: Perspectives and Toxicity
Copper is essential and not always deficient , Copper deficiency is quite rare in humans because it is a nutrient that is readily consumed and has a very low daily requirement.1,2 It is present in legumes, meats, and nuts, and is absorbed through the mucosa of the stomach and proximal duodenum. With the plentiful supply of dietary copper, acquired copper deficiency is relatively uncommon compared with other causes of neurologic and hematologic deficits, so it can be easily missed when formulating differential diagnoses. Copper is an essential trace metal that plays an integral role in many of our physiologic processes, including acting as a ligand to many proteins and enzymes.
Copper and iron are both related to anemia,
opper and iron are essential trace metals required for many biochemical processes, however, their redox properties also make the free metal potentially toxic. As a result, uptake and intracellular distribution of both metals are tightly regulated. Both iron and copper are absorbed from diet across the duodenal brush border membrane by their respective carriers – Divalent metal-ion transporter 1 (DMT1) and Copper transporter 1 (CTR1). This transport step is preceded by the reduction of either iron or copper to their ferrous (Fe2+) or cuprous (Cu+) forms, respectively.
Copper is an important element that must be provided to the body because of its role in the body's life chemistry, but in certain proportions. If increased proportions or fewer affect the body’s activities, it should be taken in moderation.
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Copper is an essential nutrient for the body. Together with iron, it enables the body to form red blood cells. It helps maintain healthy bones, blood vessels, nerves, and immune function, and it contributes to iron absorption. Sufficient copper in the diet may help prevent cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis, too. Copper: Health benefits, recommended intake, sources, and ...
www.medicalnewstoday.com › articles
Copper proteins have diverse roles in biological oxygen and electron transport
Copper one of the required components of various redox enzymes, including the cytochrome c oxidase
Here is my recent publication on micronutrients. Copper is included
Good question...
look at this link below...
http://www.inchem.org/documents/jecfa/jecmono/v17je31.htm
Copper is an essential nutrient for the body. Together with iron, it enables the body to form red blood cells. It helps maintain healthy bones, blood vessels, nerves, and immune function, and it contributes to iron absorption. Sufficient copper in the diet may help prevent cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis, too.
Lack of recommended dietary allowance for copper may be hazardous to our health.
The following links can be useful:
https://www.labmed.theclinics.com/article/S0272-2712(18)30143-4/abstract
Article The Role of Copper Suppression as an Antiangiogenic Strategy...
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/4441/f3937dccf850c57bf98bcc792385a06e4a5d.pdf
Article Copper, oxidative stress, and human health
https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/88/3/855S/4649171
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0306987788900163
https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/download/45196/PDF
https://academic.oup.com/jn/article-abstract/107/10/1779/4768923
https://academic.oup.com/clinchem/article-abstract/40/8/1479/5647652
https://www.jbc.org/content/269/41/25660.short
Article Essentiality and Toxicity in Copper Health Risk Assessment: ...
https://academic.oup.com/aje/article-abstract/132/1/67/77920
https://academic.oup.com/aje/article/151/12/1182/55465
http://medind.nic.in/iby/t08/i10/ibyt08i10p448.pdf
https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/63/5/830S/4651487
Article Role of anti-oxidant and trace element in health and immunit...
Copper is used for treatment of various neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer, Parkinson and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
Article Copper in Diseases and Treatments, and Copper-Based Anticanc...
Kindly read the below article.
Article Dietary Copper and human health: current evidence and unreso...
https://books.google.iq/books?id=49kLK--eumEC&pg=PA840&lpg=PA840&dq=copper+as+coenzyme&source=bl&ots=gmmcztutdi&sig=ACfU3U3NOxnD1-5XYYvEnd-p4TcFaP6VQg&hl=ar&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiekOWn4-noAhXL-KQKHdH2A6oQ6AEwDnoECAkQAQ
Copper is an important component of many enzymes in the body and play an important role in cell energy production.
Copper is necessary for the development and maintenance of blood vessels, skin, bones and joints. It helps in preserving cells of the nervous system.
Copper help prevent prostatitis.
Article Status and Interrelationship of Zinc, Copper, Iron, Calcium ...
Article Copper as a target for prostate cancer therapeutics: Copper-...
Copper is involved in numerous biological processes, its deficiency can to lead to ischaemic heart disease (IHD).
https://openheart.bmj.com/content/openhrt/5/2/e000784.full.pdf
Copper imbalances have been associated with a number of pathological conditions, including cancer.
https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/110/48/19507.full.pdf
Copper promotes development and maintenance of bone and connective tissue.
Article Microelements for bone boost: The last but not the least
Copper helps maintain healthy bones, blood vessels, nerves, and immune function, and it contributes to iron absorption.
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/288165
Sufficient copper in the diet may help prevent cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis.
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/288165
Kindly read the below links.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK225407/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK225407/
Copper is a cofactor for several enzymes (known as “cuproenzymes”) involved in energy production, iron metabolism, neuropeptide activation, connective tissue synthesis, and neurotransmitter synthesis
https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Copper-HealthProfessional/
Copper is also involved in many physiologic processes, such as angiogenesis; neurohormone homeostasis; and regulation of gene expression, brain development, pigmentation, and immune system functioning
https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Copper-HealthProfessional/
Copper-rich foods play a very important role in our diet, as well as in general health, so knowing the best foods to increase copper levels is very important. Copper is involved in the formation of red blood cells, absorption of iron, cholesterol and glucose metabolism, and the manufacture and secretion of life-saving proteins and enzymes. These enzymes, in turn, produce cellular energy and regulate neurotransmission, blood storage, and oxygen transport. Copper is mainly mineral in the human diet and is absorbed through the gut before being transported to the liver. Some of the most important roles it plays in the body include nutrient absorption, especially iron. Copper is also linked to the function of the immune system, bone growth, hormonal balance in the body, and heart health. Luckily ,
Copper is an essential nutrient for the body. Together with iron, it enables the body to form red blood cells. It helps maintain healthy bones, blood vessels, nerves, and immune function, and it contributes to iron absorption. Sufficient copper in the diet may help prevent cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis, too.
Article Dietary Copper and human health: current evidence and unreso...
Sufficient copper in the diet may help prevent cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/288165
Copper bracelets are thought to help ease the aches and pains of stiff and sore joints. ... Proponents of the treatment suggest that the skin absorbs tiny particles of copper. This is then said to help reduce inflammation in the joints, as copper is a vital nutrient that serves this purpose in the body.
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/305500
In genenral , minerals are a good nutrients because they participate in metabolism..
@Tareq Alasadi
Minerals are healthy resources even though they are involved in the production.
Copper is an essential nutrient for the body. Together with iron, it enables the body to form red blood cells. It helps maintain healthy bones, blood vessels, nerves, and immune function, and it contributes to iron absorption.
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/288165
Sufficient copper in the diet may help prevent cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis, too.
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/288165
Copper is an essential nutrient for the body. Together with iron, it enables the body to form red blood cells. It helps maintain healthy bones, blood vessels, nerves, and immune function, and it contributes to iron absorption. Sufficient copper in the diet may help prevent cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis, too.
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/288165#health_benefits
Copper is an essential trace element that is vital to the health of all living things (humans, plants, animals, and microorganisms). In humans, copper is essential to the proper functioning of organs and metabolic processes. The human body has complex homeostatic mechanisms which attempt to ensure a constant supply of available copper, while eliminating excess copper whenever this occurs. However, like all essential elements and nutrients, too much or too little nutritional ingestion of copper can result in a corresponding condition of copper excess or deficiency in the body, each of which has its own unique set of adverse health effects.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_in_health
Article Dietary Copper and human health: current evidence and unreso...
https://copperalliance.org.uk/knowledge-base/education/education-resources/copper-essential-human-health/
https://copperalliance.org.uk/benefits-copper/health/
Dear researchers,thankyou for your valuable comments .copper is needed at all time and immunity,see attached file.
A mineral is very important to health and its deficiency causes many diseases
Copper is a principle co-enzyme of our body. Having said that, we cannot undermine the role of copper in Wilson's disease for sure.
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