When the dopant concentration increases (1%, 3%, 5%, 7% ...), the particle size is varying (increases / decreases) in the synthesis of nanoparticles by Hydrothermal method. What may be the reason behind this?
To find out these relation for your synthesized compositions, 1st perform the XRD analyses and calculate the crystallite size and average cell volume. Then corelate the crystallite size or average volume with the dopant concentration. If any relation, try to figure out with the ionic radius of the dopants.
There are a few possible reasons why the particle size of nanoparticles synthesized using the hydrothermal method might vary with dopant concentration.
One possible reason is that the presence of dopants can affect the nucleation and growth of the nanoparticles. For example, dopants can act as heterogeneous nucleation sites, promoting the formation of new nanoparticles or inhibiting their growth. The specific effect of dopants on the nucleation and growth of nanoparticles can depend on their concentration, size, and other factors.
Another possible reason is that the dopants can alter the physical and chemical properties of the nanoparticles, such as their surface charge or solubility. This can affect the way that the nanoparticles interact with each other and with the surrounding solution, potentially influencing their size and shape.
It is also possible that other factors, such as the temperature and pH of the synthesis solution, can interact with the dopant concentration to affect the size and shape of the nanoparticles.