Hello,

I think you can find some informations about that in

10.1007/s00436-007-0742-1

When a certain malaria-carrying mosquito took a blood meal on a human host, the malarial parasite will make its entry into the bloodstream and will eventually propagate in the liver cells. Thereafter, it is released back into the bloodstream, where it will infect the red blood cells, causing it to rupture. This process lowers the amount of red blood cells in which can lead to severe stage that may cause severe anemia. In connection to this, the said disease can develop to anemia as for the reason that this is a condition in which a person lacks enough healthy red blood cells (RBCs) to carry out adequate oxygen to his/her body's tissues.

During the course of malaria, infection anemia is brought about by mechanism yet to be fully elucidated. However, increased RBC destruction, by both splenic clearance and sequestration of damaged iRBC in blood vessels are some of those mechanisms. Plus those RBC which ruptures as Jane Cyrille Datuin Fernandez replied

Anemia, central nervous systen involvement and nephrotic syndrome may occur in all the PLASMODIUM infections. it is interesting to note that malaria may mimic a number of other diseases including meningitis, pneumonia, gastroenteritis, encephalities or hepatitis.

The pathogenesis of anemia during malaria resides in three functions which are the decrease in production and the increase in the destruction of red blood cells and associated factors. The decrease in production is related to hypoplasia of the bone marrow, abnormality of erythropoiesis and dyserytropoiesis. Hypoplasia is interested in reducing the precursors of erythroblasts in the case of severe attacks. The erythropoiesis abnormality firstly induces the production of red blood cells associated with hypoxia with the role (in inflammation) of TNF and IFN ɣ, a reduction in iron incorporation, erythroblast abnormalities and lack of reticulocytosis. This results in a rupture of the parasitized red blood cells, splenic phagocytosis and haemolysis. For one parasitized red blood cell, there will be 8.5 destroyed unparasitic red blood cells. The destruction of unparasitized red blood cells leads in the absence of antibodies to an accelerated senescence of red blood cells with rigidity and exposure of phosphatidylserine in immunological imbalance between Th1, cellular response, inflammation, TNF, IFNɣ, macrophagic activation, erythropoiesis inhibition and Th2, humoral, anti-inflammatory response, IL10, activation of erythropoiesis, synergy with EPO. The role of antibodies (malaria antigens, complex immune systems, etc.) is preponderant in the destruction of non-parasitized red blood cells. The associated factors are genetic factors, food and especially vitamin deficiencies, epidemiological aspects and coinfection of HIV, immunosuppression and parasites and finally young age and pregnancy.

According to HemoCue.com, the malaria parasites, entering the blood after an infective mosquito bite, infect red blood cells. At the end of that infection cycle, red blood cell ruptures. This process lowers the amount of red blood cells and can in a severe stage cause severe anemia.

Reference:

Anemia due to Malaria. (n.d.). Retrieved March 12, 2020, from https://www.hemocue.com/en/health-areas/anemia/anemia-due-to-malaria.

Anemia can develop rapidly due to profound hemolysis. The degree of anemia correlates with parasitemia and schizontemia. It is also associated with high serum bilirubin and creatinine levels. Anemia in malaria is multifactorial. The causes include obligatory destruction of red cells at merogony, accelerated destruction of non-parasitised red cells (major contributor in anemia of severe malaria), bone marrow dysfunction that can persist for weeks, shortened red cell survival and increased splenic clearance. Massive gastrointestinal haemorrhage can also contribute to the anemia of malaria.

Reference:

Malaria site. Anemia (2019). Retrieved from https://www.malariasite.com/anemia/

According to Hemocue (ND), The malaria parasites, entering the blood after an infective mosquito bite, infect red blood cells. At the end of that infection cycle, red blood cell ruptures. This process lowers the amount of red blood cells and can in a severe stage cause severe anemia.

Malaria is a major cause of anemia in tropical places. Malaria infection causes haemolysis of infected and uninfected erythrocytes and bone marrow dyserythropoiesis which compromises rapid recovery from anemia (Malaria Journal, 2018).

Sources:

https://www.hemocue.com/en/health-areas/anemia/anemia-due-to-malaria

Article Anaemia and malaria

According to atpm.org ; Anemia in malaria is multifactorial. Autoimmune hemolysis is an extremely rare cause of anemia in malaria and more so in vivax malaria. ... Hence, we suggest that autoimmune hemolysis be considered an important cause of anemia in Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax) malaria

According to Hemocue.com The malaria parasites, entering the blood after an infective mosquito bite, infect red blood cells. At the end of that infection cycle, red blood cell ruptures. This process lowers the amount of red blood cells and can in a severe stage cause severe anemia.

Please take a look at the following RG link.

Article Anaemia and malaria

Pl have a look at the following link:

Article Pathogenesis of anemia in malaria: A concise review

immune-and non-immune mediated haemolysis of parasitized and non-parasitized erythrocytes

Dear @ Ella,

As you have read in secondary standard that, The spleen (Graveyard of RBSs) is acknowledged for executing the damage to red blood cells In this condition, the body lack red blood cells or either they are spoiled by the merozoites. The splenic macrophages have a principal function in sensing and phagocytizing these spoiled red blood cells. And, they are disclosed to a high fraction of parasites. As an outcome, these macrophages kill many cells, which can ultimately drive to anemia. In addition to anemia, It leads to the generation of a large number of cytokines (Basically the Pro-Inflammatory cytokines) such as Tnf-alpha and Interleukin-b.

The liberation of these Pro-Inflammatory cytokines depends on - 1) When these Macrophages or Monocytes are presented to parasites in the circulations.

2) Or when splenic macrophages engulf the infected RBCs.

These Pro-Inflammatory cytokines are released cyclically and cause fever with some indications such as neuralgia, linked with anemia. In addition to this, these cytokines cause impaired erythropoiesis which contributes to anemia.