It depends on your plant species. Different plant species may have different preferred medium ingredients and protocols for callus induction. Different plant species may also have their own preferred 'tissues' (leaves, stems, roots, cotyledons, .....) for callus induction.
Yau is absolutely right. Which plant are you interested in? However, a general guide is that a 1:1 ratio of auxin to cytokinin or even 2:1, up to 10:1 (auxin to cytokinin) will give you callus with many plant species. If your species is A dicot, you could begin with immature or mature zygotic embryos. You could also explore use of juvenile tissues such as epicotyls and hypocotyls of seedlings. However, many other parts of the plant can yield callus. Good luck.
Yes as above mentioned callus induction is highly depends on plant species and part of the plant (leaf, inter node, petal etc..). You can try with the different combinations of BAP & 2,4-D. You can also try different combinations of TDZ. Coconut water, Adenine sulphate also useful.
All the best
Dear Nurhidayu Mohd Sobri,
There are multiple types of callus tissue in terms of their character, features and uses: callus for production of a particular biochemical substance; callus for organogenesis and plant regeneration; embryogenic callus for regeneration of somatic embryos; etc. The suitable medium/media composition and culture regime will depend on what purpose should the callus serve? You should pick out a protocol found in the literature as starting point. Orient yourself towards preferable protocols according to a combination of considerations: (a) Plant species [or plant variety] from which you take an explant for culture initiation. (b) Type of callus you need, that is, what you expect to obtain from the callus? Finally, you may find out that the protocol(s) you picked up from the literature will not always yield in your hands the same results as those described in the paper(s). In the latter case, there are no shortcuts; you will have to test variations on that protocol and optimize it under your circumstances. Sometimes a lot of work is required until you reach the best results.
Best wishes,
Benjamin Steinitz
Now you should understand by above answers. Just adds 2,4-d in medium in different conc. And inoculate your explant , preferably meristimatic but makeing some cut so that injured cells come in direct contact to the medium
In general, tender leaf explants (teased with forceps) inoculated in BAP results to embryogenic callus and 2,4-D results in non-embryogenic/friable callus. But like other peers suggested, optimum PGR type and conc. depends on species, dicot/monocot nature, explant type, age etc.