Dear Prof. Dr. Noori,
Please refer to the following links.
Best regards
SM Najim
http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0144860916300036/1-s2.0-S0144860916300036-main.pdf?_tid=d27edf04-b59b-11e6-863a-00000aab0f6b&acdnat=1480359333_088c865c59318b7cca17ca5f97990270
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0144860915300479
https://ag.arizona.edu/azaqua/ista/ISTA9/FullPapers/Rakocy1.doc
http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/8/7/592/pdf
http://eprints.cmfri.org.in/10666/1/7.%20Geetha%20Sasikumar.pdf
I think aquaponic is one of the famous technology used now for closed system .
Fish farming or pisciculture involves raising fish commercially in tanks or enclosures, usually for food. It is the principal form of aquaculture, while other methods may fall under mariculture. A facility that releases juvenile fish into the wild for recreational fishing or to supplement a species' natural numbers is generally referred to as a fish hatchery. Worldwide, the most important fish species used in fish farming are carp, tilapia, salmon, and catfish.[1]
Demand is increasing for fish and fish protein, which has resulted in widespread overfishing in wild fisheries. China provides 62% of the world's farmed fish.[2] As of 2016, more than 50% of seafood was produced by aquaculture.[3]
Farming carnivorous fish, such as salmon, does not always reduce pressure on wild fisheries, since carnivorous farmed fish are usually fed fishmeal and fish oil extracted from wild forage fish. The 2008 global returns for fish farming recorded by the FAO totaled 33.8 million tonnes worth about $US 60 billion.[4]
Mohamed Hassaan
Ali hussien Amteghy
Dear Sirs,
Thanks for your useful comments and remarks.
Regards
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