There is a subtle difference between data and information. Data are the facts or details from which information is derived. Individual pieces of data are rarely useful alone. For data to become information, data needs to be put into context.

Data: Data is raw, unorganized facts that need to be processed. Data can be something simple and seemingly random and useless until it is organized.

Information: When data is processed, organized, structured or presented in a given context so as to make it useful, it is called information.

Some more differences between data and information:

•Data is used as input for the computer system. Information is the output of data.

•Data is unprocessed facts figures. Information is processed data.

•Data doesn’t depend on Information. Information depends on data.

•Data is not specific. Information is specific.

•Data is a single unit. A group of data which carries news and meaning is called Information.

•Data doesn’t carry a meaning. Information must carry a logical meaning.

•Data is the raw material. Information is the product.

http://www.differencebetween.info/difference-between-data-and-information

http://www.diffen.com/difference/Data_vs_Information

If data affect your behavior then it is information, otherwise  it is "noise" hence no use to anybody.  

Dear Colleagues,

Good Day,

"What is the difference between data and information?

Most people believe that the terms "data" and "information" are interchangeable and mean the same thing. However, there is a distinct difference between the two words. Data can be any character, text, words, number, pictures, sound, or video and, if not put into context, means little or nothing to a human. However, information is useful and usually formatted in a manner that allows it to be understood by a human.

Computers typically read data, but it is not necessarily something that a computer actually understands. Through the use of formulas, programming scripts, or software applications, a computer can turn data into information that a human can understand."....

Please, see the link for more information,,,

http://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch001629.htm

There is a subtle difference between data and information. Data are the facts or details from which information is derived. Individual pieces of data are rarely useful alone. For data to become information, data needs to be put into context.

Data: Data is raw, unorganized facts that need to be processed. Data can be something simple and seemingly random and useless until it is organized.

Information: When data is processed, organized, structured or presented in a given context so as to make it useful, it is called information.

Some more differences between data and information:

•Data is used as input for the computer system. Information is the output of data.

•Data is unprocessed facts figures. Information is processed data.

•Data doesn’t depend on Information. Information depends on data.

•Data is not specific. Information is specific.

•Data is a single unit. A group of data which carries news and meaning is called Information.

•Data doesn’t carry a meaning. Information must carry a logical meaning.

•Data is the raw material. Information is the product.

http://www.differencebetween.info/difference-between-data-and-information

http://www.diffen.com/difference/Data_vs_Information

Inconclusive information is data and vice-versa , a piece of information .

Dear Colleagues,

Good Day,

"Difference Between Data and Information

Main difference:

The major difference between data and information is that data is raw material that is to be processed and information is the processed data.

Data VS Information

Data:

Data is the raw material that is to be processed for information or for collection of details. It is unorganized data or facts that are to be processed. Data is plain fact and it has to be processed for further information. Data is alone enough to get details and find the meaning of something. Data is the computers language. Data is useless unless it is processed or has been made into something. Data has no meaning when it has not been interpreted. Data is an unclear definition of words jumbled up to form one meaning of something. Data comes in figures, dates and numbers and is not processed.

Information:

Information is processed data. The data that can be made useful is known as information. Information is basically the data plus the meaning of what the data was collected for. Data does not depend upon information but information depends upon data. It cannot be generated without the help of data. Information is something that is being conveyed. Information is meaningful when data is gathered and meaning is generated. Information cannot be generated without the help of data. Information is the meaning that has been formed with the help of data and that meaning makes sense because of the data that has been collected against the word. Information is processed and comes in a meaningful form.

Differences:

The major differences between data and information are:

•  Data is the input language for a computer and information is the output language for human
• Data is unprocessed facts or mere figures but information is processed data which has been made sense of
• Data does not depend on information but information depends on data and without it, information cannot be processed
• Data is not specific but information is specific enough to generate meaning
• Data is the raw material that is collected but information is a detailed meaning generated from the data."....

Please, see the link....

http://www.differencebtw.com/difference-between-data-and-information/

Dear Colleagues,

Good Day,

".....   First Things First: Data vs Information

There’s a really simple way to understand the difference between data and information. When we understand the primary function of the item we are looking at, we quickly see the distinction between the two.

Here’s a simple way to tell one from the other:

Computers need data. Humans need information.

Data is a building block. Information gives meaning and context.

In essence, data is raw. It has not been shaped, processed or interpreted. It is a series of 1s and zeros that humans would not be able to read (and nor would they want to). It is disorganised and unfriendly.

Once data has been processed and turned into information, it becomes palatable to human readers. It takes on context and structure. It becomes useful for businesses to make decisions, and it forms the basis of progress.

While the bigger picture is slightly more complex, this gets us part way towards understanding what data means."....

Please, see the rest of the article for more detail information....

https://www.dqglobal.com/2014/05/27/what-is-the-difference-between-data-and-information/

The Properties of Data

The interesting properties of data provide a useful litmus test when we’re not sure if it’s data or information we’re faced with.

For example:

Data is, when clean, a fact.

Data can be stored easily, and at a low cost.

Data can be copied easily, often using computerized methods.

Data can exist in more than one place, so data is often duplicated.

Data can be modified and moved quickly and simply.

Data can be misrepresented, depending on its interpretation.

Data has no value until it is used.

Data does not mature, nor does it improve with age — in fact, data decays.

All data has to be interpreted to be useful to humans, which leads us to our definition of information.

And What Is Information?

The word information has existed in the English language for far longer than the word data. The concept of informing someone is well understood, and that gives us some clues to meaning.

When we talk about data, we think of megabytes of binary code. In contrast, think of all the ways we can measure information. We can use practically any meaningful unit: time, distance, amount, rankings, speed, and weight. We can add additional variants to the units, too (for example, an amount of money in a particular currency).

We can see that information has context. It gives us a fact relative to something else. It offers a yardstick for our decision making. It lets us derive some kind of conclusion once we understand it.

http://blog.pipelinersales.com/sales-strategies/difference-between-data-and-information/

Dear  @Hazim Hashim Tahir,

Thank your very much. Your opinion is appreciated.

Regards, Shafagat

Dear @ya Gohary,

Thanks a lot for your useful answer.

Regards, Shafagat

Dear @Subhash C. Kundu,

Thanks a lot for your perfect answers and useful links.

Regards, Shafagat

Dear @Sirous Yasseri,

Thank you very much for your opinion.

Regards, Shafagat

Dear @Rekha Mishra,

Thank you very much for answer.

Regards, Shafagat

Dear @Anoop Kumar Srivastava,

Thank you very much.

Regards, Shafagat

・Data: Facts, a description of the World

・Information: Captured Data and Knowledge

(・Knowledge: Our personal map/model of the World)

For details, see the link below:

http://www.infogineering.net/data-information-knowledge.htm

Dear @Tatsuo Tabata ,

Thanks a lot for your useful answer. 

Regards, Shafagat

Dear www . Researchgate . Friends , 

DATA : Collecting the Macro Level to Micro Level of Details in the Task.

INFORMATION : By Collected the Details of the Task, to be Bringing the                                               Evaluation and Application - Its Useful Always .

Plz. find attached a file[ from  literature survey]: Zoom:200-250%

Plz consider only the first table

Dear Dr. @Shafagan Mahmudova,

you asked to us: "what is the difference between data and information?" My answer is concretely:

Data is a collection of facts, such as numbers, words, measurements, observations, monitoring, evalluation, surveys, or even just descriptions of things.

Data are divided in two, and concretely, in qualitative data & quantitative data. So, data can be qualitative or quantitative.

Qualitative data is descriptive information (it describes something)

Quantitative data, is numerical information (numbers).

I believe and hope that understand me about the difference between data and information ...

Dear @Prof. Dr. Bashkim Mal Lushaj,

Thanks a lot for your perfect answers.

Regards, Shafagat

Dear  @Manohar Sehgal,

Thanks a lot for your  answer and useful link.

Regards, Shafagat

Dear @Ponkumar Ilango,

Thank you very much for opinion.

Regards, Shafagat

Data is unprocessed raw facts about a particular entity. Information is processed form of data.

Data is not meaningful. Information is meaningful.

Data is normally huge in its volume. Information is normally short in its volume.

Data is the asset of organizations and is not available to people for sale. Information is normally available to people for sale. 

Dear @Behrouz Ahmadi-Nedushan,

Thanks for your participation in this question.

Regards, Shafagat

When data are processed, interpreted, organized, structured or presented so as to make them meaningful or useful, they are called information.

Proccessed Data becomes information when it has following properties:

• It is specific and organized for a purpose,
• It is presented within a context that gives it meaning and relevance, and
• It leads to an increase in understanding and decrease in uncertainty.

Information is end result of a data collected and it is processed while data is raw 

Data is the representations that can be operated upon i.e collection of facts/figures while INFORMATION is the data in useful form i.e the interpretation of data.

Data, in particular databases, is used to represent information.

Dear @Prof. Doko,

I thank you very much for your comment, but sorry, from data we can prepare every kind of the iinformation ... because without data we have no possiblity to have any information ... so, and data vary from database ...

Prof. Subhash C. Kundu, Prof.  Hazim Hashim Tahir etc. have written more ... but at the same time and lot of colleagues .... 

What is the difference between data and information?

Information is the processed data that can provide understanding on something or facilitate decision-making etc.  E.g. a subject's test score for each student in a class are data.  But after we'd processed them (adding up all the test scores & dividing by number of students), the average score is the information.  Based on the information (average score), the teacher knows how good / how poor the class is doing for the particular subject & how much effort s/he need to put in to improve the class performance on this subject etc.

 Dr.Khan :

Excellent; my young friend; the easiest way to convey for a teacher. I would not have asked for a better  answer.By the way- do you teach?

A similar question was asked on RG before so I am including the thread here:

https://www.researchgate.net/topic/data?ev=tp_pst_dtl_xkey

Best regards,

Debra

Dear Prof Mahmudova,

Information = signal + noise  ; Data =signal

That which makes sense, useful and can manipulated is data ,may be to create information. Say sales statistics  can be used to inform the market about potential growth so that investors jump in and increase the value of the company's capital and in turn capabilities of the company in the long run.

What is essential is the initial "seed value" or data to generate a butterfly effect (can be information ).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterfly_effect

You can have data without information, but you cannot have information without data. --- Daniel Keys Moran

Dear Aparna Murthy,

Thank you very much for your opinion.

Regards, Shafagat

Dear Marković G. Đoko,

Useful information can be generated only if data arranged and analyzed scientifically.

Without data we can not think of information.

Information is the outcome of organized, structured, processed and meaningfully interpreted data.

The concept of data is more generic: it is all symbolic representation of an entity that does not necessarily have a semantic value, or what is the same as not have to transmit more information than that contained in the data itself. The information regularly claims that a data set are properly sorted and processed and therefore can transmit a message and provide the additional receivers to own as data units that conform; that is, it is a value added per unit of data.

Raw facts and figures about something are data. Processed data can provide information. Information something you do not know  but you are keen to know. Information creates anxiety and has got surprise value.Information is needed to take decisions and management.

Processed information provides knowledge.

Dear @colleagues, @experts and @others to ResearchGate

Before some time I have written something, but now I feel to continue it, and concretely as I mentioned above there are the qualitative and the quantitative data. Data for one objective or subjective or both together cause can be qualitative or quantitative. So, qualitative data is descriptive information (it describes something) that it expressed through political, environmental, economic, social, health objectively verifiable indicators, as appropriate, that all are not measurable (immeasurable), while the quantitative data is numerical information (numbers) that it expressed through political, environmental, economic, social, health objectively verifiable indicators, as appropriate, that all are measurable, with nummbers as well, in 320 kilo, 2 meter, 199 klm etc.

If we continie with the types of data have that qualitive data is unique, while the quantitative data can also be discrete or continuous, and concretely:

the iscrete data can only take certain values (like whole numbers); and

the continuous data can take any value (within a range).

Put simply: discrete data is counted, while continuous data is measured ...

Example: What do we know about horse?

White horse

Qualitative:

He is stallion

He is calm

He is white

He has long hair

He has lots of energy

Quantitative:

Discrete:

He has 4 legs

He has 2 brothers

Continuous:

He weighs 325.5 kg

He is 2 m tall

Have a nice time! Bashkim

See data-information cycle ...

Dear Prof. @Marković G. Đoko,

yes, it is true ... 

Dear Marković G. Đoko,

Yes, all data do not generate information, if it is not collected accurately and handled carefully.

Dear Prof. @Subhash C. Kundu,

yes, it is true too!

See ...

Information = data + context + meaning

Information is the data that has been processed ( in a context) to give it meaning

According to Russell Ackoff [1989], a systems theorist and professor of organizational change, the content of the human mind can be classified into five categories:

Data: symbols

Information: data that are processed to be useful; provides answers to "who", "what", "where", and "when" questions

Knowledge: application of data and information; answers "how" questions

A further elaboration of Ackoff's definitions follows:

Data... data is raw. It simply exists and has no significance beyond its existence (in and of itself). It can exist in any form, usable or not. It does not have meaning of itself. In computer parlance, a spreadsheet generally starts out by holding data.

Information... information is data that has been given meaning by way of relational connection. This "meaning" can be useful, but does not have to be. In computer parlance, a relational database makes information from the data stored within it.

Knowledge... knowledge is the appropriate collection of information, such that it's intent is to be useful. Knowledge is a deterministic process. When someone "memorizes" information (as less-aspiring test-bound students often do), then they have amassed knowledge. This knowledge has useful meaning to them, but it does not provide for, in and of itself, an integration such as would infer further knowledge.

http://www.systems-thinking.org/dikw/dikw.htm

Ackoff, R. L., "From Data to Wisdom", Journal of Applies Systems Analysis, Volume 16, 1989 p 3-9.

Data refers to the lowest abstract or a raw input which when processed or arranged makes meaningful output. It is the group or chunks which represent quantitative and qualitative attributes pertaining to variables. Information is usually the processed outcome of data. More specifically speaking, it is derived from data. Information is a concept and can be used in many domains.

Information can be a mental stimulus, perception, representation, knowledge, or even an instruction. The examples of data can be facts, analysis, or statistics. In computer terms, symbols, characters, images, or numbers are data. These are the inputs for the system to give a meaningful interpretation. In other words, data in a meaningful form is information

http://www.differencebetween.net/language/difference-between-data-and-information/

Dear Shafagat Mahmudova ,

   One from the most beautiful discussions on the differences between Data and Information is:

Data can be any character, text, words, number, pictures, sound, or video ... etc and, if not put into context, means little or nothing to a human. However, information is useful and usually formatted in a manner that allows it to be understood by a human.

Computers typically read data, but it is not necessarily something that a computer actually understands. Through the use of formulas, programming scripts, or software applications, a computer can turn data into information that a human can understand.

Example1: use the same words as data and information and show how they differ.

Data: Roy,Mc Donald,233 Circle,SLC,UT,85023,8015553211

Information:

Roy Mc Donald

233 Circle

Salt Lake City, UT 85023

(801)555-3211

As you can see in the above example, if you only looked at the data, you may be able to understand some of the text on the line, but it isn't really useful. That same information, when broken out into readable text and even slightly formatted, becomes much more useful and allows you to identify that it is contact information for Roy Mc Donald.

Example2: given these data about the weights of some family: 12, 86, 45, 22, 55, 60, till now we can't understand nothing about the weights of these family, but if we graph it, for example by bars we can easily find the lightest and the heaviest members of that family, 12 and 86 respectively, we can also calculate the mean of this data and compare it for example with the mean of their region to get some information and so on.

Best Luck 

Dear Dr. Shafagat Mahmudove,

we know, the most people believe that the terms "data" and "information" are interchangeable and mean the same thing. However, there is a distinct difference between the two words. Data can be any character, text, words, number, pictures, sound, or video and, if not put into context, means little or nothing to a human.

Data that is:accurate and timely; specific and organized for a purpose; presented within a context that gives it meaning and relevance;and can lead to an increase in understanding and decrease in uncertainty. Information is valuable because it can affect behavior, a decision, or an outcome. For example, if a manager is told his/her company's net profit decreased in the past month, he/she may use this information as a reason to cut financial spending for the next month. A piece of information is considered valueless if, after receiving it, things remain unchanged. However, information is useful and usually formatted in a manner that allows it to be understood by a human. Computers typically read data, but it is not necessarily something that a computer actually understands. Through the use of formulas, programming scripts, or software applications, a computer can turn data into information that a human can understand.

I think it is mostly a matter of definition, but in my opinion Prof. Kundu has provided an interesting and adequate view on the topic.

DIKW Pyramid

http://www.systems-thinking.org/dikw/dikw.htm

+excellent infographic on this topic: http://www.informationisbeautiful.net/2010/data-information-knowledge-wisdom/

And this video might help you as well: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6VmxaaVwmdI

http://www.informationisbeautiful.net/2010/data-information-knowledge-wisdom/

http://www.systems-thinking.org/dikw/dikw.htm

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6VmxaaVwmdI

Dear Dr. @Shafagan Mahmudova,

As for answer your question, My concept is -

Data can be defined as a representation of facts, concepts or instructions in a formalized manner which should be suitable for communication, interpretation, or processing by human or electronic machine. Whereas Information is organized or classified data which has some meaningful values for the receiver. Information is the processed data on which decisions and actions are based.

For the decision to be meaningful, the processed data must qualify for the following characteristics:  

Timely - Information should be available when required.

 Accuracy - Information should be accurate.

 Completeness - Information should be complete.

Data is organized facts and figures of any set of objects or classes whereas information is a desired/required subset of data by a particular user in the same or value added form. The focus word in my understanding is only the required, therefore, any information can become data for any other user.

Data is unorganized piece of message which can only be meaningful when used/communicated in a context.

Data is raw material for information.

Machines can read and process data, but information can't be read by machines. A single set of data can be interpreted differently and generate new information.

Data are simply facts or figures — bits of information, but not information itself. When data are processed, interpreted, organized, structured or presented so as to make them meaningful or useful, they are called information. Information provides context for data.

Data is compiled  through experiments and surveys.Analysis of data provides information.

Data are simply facts or figures — bits of information, but not information itself. When data are processed, interpreted, organized, structured or presented so as to make them meaningful or useful, they are called information. Information provides context for data.

For example, a list of dates — data — is meaningless without the information that makes the dates relevant (dates of holiday).

"Data" and "information" are intricately tied together, whether one is recognizing them as two separate words or using them interchangeably, as is common today. Whether they are used interchangeably depends somewhat on the usage of "data" — its context and grammar.

For more information you may refer to the following link

http://www.diffen.com/difference/Data_vs_Information

Dear Shafagat, we can discuss data as the collection of specific type of information. We can collect a lot of information, but data is filtered information. We can get a lot of information from the data.

See ...

DATA are measures taken from observation.

Example: I have a tape measure, I measure your chest, waist and hips and got 31"-21"-31". These vital statistics are data.

I inform you of your vital statistics, in qualitative term as sexy (it is information).

I inform you of your vital statistics numerically (31"-21"-31"), they are also information.

Information need not be a  measure taken from observation.

DATA must be measures taken from observation.

Data is a raw facts that need to be processed.

Information is a processed data.

No matter how much data exists, researchers still need to ask the right questions to create a hypothesis, design a test, and use the data to determine whether that hypothesis is true - challenge in data science

http://harvardmagazine.com/2014/03/why-big-data-is-a-big-deal

Without data there is no information. Information is knowledge that has used and processed certain data and has rendered it meaningful.

Raw data must  be  processed and analyzed to become information.

Data mining (also known as knowledge discovery in databases, or KDD) is used in many fields to analyse the data and extract useful information.

Data mining can be defined as the process of extracting data, analyzing it from many dimensions or perspectives, then producing a summary of the information in a useful form that identifies relationships within the data. There are two types of data mining: descriptive, which gives information about existing data; and predictive, which makes forecasts based on the data

1.Data is the blueprint for information. Information has the origin in Data.

2.Data by itself does't yield anything, because it is raw- Information is tapped from Data.

3. As per the original word "Datum" meaning "some thing given"- the word information is still older.

4. Often Data is not organized or Structured - Information is structured.

5. Churning out information from data is rather easy and procedures are documented from time immemorial- Retrieving Data from Information is rather difficult.

6.When data is interpreted - Information takes its birth.

7.There need to be specificity in information- Data need not be specific.

8. Its rather easy to collect data- It is tough to generate information , because intellect plays a role in doing this.

Dr. Jayaram M.A

 Congrats. for a complete answer

Data, which is the plural of the word “datum”, are basically just facts. These facts have not been processed or dealt with and are in their rawest form. Because of this raw and possibly unorganized form, data may sometimes appear random, overly simple, or abstract. Think of data as the individual pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. Information is the whole completed puzzle that the little data puzzle pieces helped you to put together. Without data there is no information – you can’t put the puzzle together if there are no pieces, or if some of the pieces are missing.

Here is an example which reveals the differences:

Data: A student is applying to college and she gives the college’s admissions office many pieces of info: name, address, grades, absences, letters of recommendation, etc.

Information: While the admissions office may be impressed by one A+ the student receive on a Biology project, it means nothing on its own. The student may have cheated on that project and have terrible grades otherwise. They would never be accepted to a school based on one piece of data. The school must assess ALL of the student’s data, including teachers’ opinions of them, how much school they missed, GPA, etc. Then the school is able to process the disparate data and make a decision based on this information.

https://blog.udemy.com/difference-between-data-and-information/

Would you call unassorted data as piece of information, perhaps no , so , unless data is assorted in some sequence to derive some meaningful information  , data will not be a source of information ? 

Data get meaningfulness when used in a context and assorted. Data is a source of information always, but interpretation in right way is necessary to derive an information from it.

Data is the source and Information is the derivation.

This is a chicken -egg type of question.  Honesty, I ve been thinking about it, and what came first to me is that information is a path leading to data..... or more data, and this leads to information as a derivative, which consequently leads to a new search of data to validate the hypothesis, and it goes on and on. ...in the academia.  Of course there is an equivalent in real life which I think it can be compared to social dialogue (the process of making assumptions).  Either way, the relationship is strongly causal, both short and long run

Answers in this question are data. When you interpret and organize these answers, the result is an information.  

Human mind is curious and there is an enthusiasm that it derives information and again searches new data.

In common language, the information is "an element or a result which allows to become aware of something"; whilst data represent "a known element."

In computer science, data are information elements consisting of symbols that need to be processed. The data processing produces information.

Data and information are often mistakenly used interchangeably. Data  are values (numbers or letters or set of characters) of qualitative or quantitative variables, pertaining to a set of items collected via observations/measurements. Data become information only when it  is processed, organized, structured and presented in a given context so as to convey a definite, meaningful and useful message.

There is no chicken and egg phenomena. Information is the data that has been processed ( in a context) to give it meaning.

Information = data + context + meaning

Example of data and information in geographic science

In relation to the Heirarchies of Understanding (see figure above after Carperter 2008), which explain how humans interact with and control the world around them, the Geographic Science professional is involved in the use of technology and professional judgement to generate Data about the Environment (Measure/Index), process that data into Infomation (via Rules), derive Knowledge from that information (using Modelling among other techniques), and assist individuals, Government and society in obtaining Wisdom and defining Vision.

Carpenter, S. A. (2009). New methodology for measuring information, knowledge, and understanding versus complexity in hierarchical decision support models. ProQuest.

http://dit.ie/surveyingconstructionmanagement/disciplines/information-sciences/bscprogrammesgeomatics/whatisgeomatics/

Yesterday I was at a conference where a reliability engineer from London underground presented a paper  on how to  make the train more reliable and responsive to the need of growing population. Last thirty years London underground religiously  collected massive data from the fleet, every day,  but no attempt were made to extract information from this data. 

Th point is: the data is a unorganized mass and information is what you must glean from it. Data, as it sand, no use to anybody until someone interpret what does it say. 

@Sirous Yasseri: A very good example you have provided.

Data = raw information

Information = Data analysis output + existing knowledge + existing technology + existing norm

Dear Khan,

Thank you for your comment. It seems I was not clear in what I said. I must tread carefully here. I also apologize for not answering your question sooner.  

In some industry huge amount of data are collected continuously, but a little of it put into use.  Until it is used it is just junk.  Only recently engineers started to see what the data is telling them. Data contain information which must be extracted somehow (see below). This is not an easy task. As soon as you extract information, such information you modify your decision ( but not necessarily).

Sensors are attached to everywhere in modern day (expensive) machines/tool to measure any variable you can think of. Getting information out of such data is in its infancy. One method used in industry is to perform statistical calculations on the data (this is to allow for randomness and variability). Major statistical indicators are compared with a segment of data which belong to a normal operation and perfect machine behaviour in order to detect anomalies. This method has a very good track record, for example one method of leak detection system of marine pipe line uses this approach. Process data, pressure, velocity, density, viscosity, etc. are collected continually, and only pressure is used in this method.

Regarding hiding information by noise (some country use this technique on foreign broadcast), again what is superimposed on the information is just a packaging to hide information- it doesn’t contain information. Thus, what is added does not give you more information, but less, hence it is noise. It is useful who is using to hide something and it is no use to you as it obscure the information.

Getting information out of data is an industry now and also a hot topic of research. The buzz word “Data driven approach” and “Big Data” are very popular and everybody is using it to mean different things.  Statistical methods and neural network approaches are two successful examples of gleaning information from data.  However, both still have a long way to mature.

 Sirous

Data to Information - Application in FIGHT AGAINST HUMAN TRAFFICKING

DIG (Domain-specific Insight Graphs) is simple its database utilizes millions of web pages uncovers new connections and patterns in the data, making it even more useful

Dear @Sirous Yasseri ,

Thank you very much for useful information.

Regards, Shafagat

Dear YOGESH CHANDRA TRIPATHI ,

Thank you very much for your opinion.

Regards, Shafagat