Thank you for sharing the question. Although it is difficult for teens and children to get rid of Internet dependence, in agreement with the colleagues, and, in general, computer dependence, there are some things which can be made.

1. Talk with your child about his/her excessive computer usage.

2. Move the computer to an open area if it’s not already in one – sometimes taking it out of the child’s bedroom is sufficient to reduce their computer usage, and it makes it easier to monitor their usage.

3.Set a password for the computer so that only you can log on to it.

4. Find out how bad your child's addiction is, and what exactly your child is addicted to.

5. Set a time limit on the amount of time your child can spend on the computer each day.

6. Replace the time that your child would normally spend on the computer with other activities – play board games with them, take them to the library, get them together with friends to play sports, etc.

Finally, be aware of your children activities, thinking that, maybe, the computer replaces your 'missing' presence and that more time is necessary to pass with them.

Regards

http://www.wikihow.com/Stop-Your-Child's-Computer-Addiction

I think it is almost impossible in this age. Now we are highly dependent on the internet including learning and teaching process. The school teachers advise the children to use the internet to complete their project and other home assignments. Also, the high influence of social website like facebook/twitter/whatsup leads the kids to stay with the internet.

I think it is almost impossible in early age. Now we are highly dependent on the internet including learning and teaching process. The school teachers advise the children to use the internet to complete their project and other home assignments. Also, the high influence of social website like facebook/twitter/whatsup leads the kids to stay with the internet.

If it is available, difficult to stop its usage

At the age, when village are being left to enter into global village, Internet has become inevitable. Children are also expected to be aware of developments taking place on the globe. Electronic media is more interactive than prints and children take enthusiasm in learning with electronic resources.

Interacting more with children, spending times with books, sports etc. may be alternatives to the spending times on the Internet.

That is my personal opinion.

Thank you for sharing the question. Although it is difficult for teens and children to get rid of Internet dependence, in agreement with the colleagues, and, in general, computer dependence, there are some things which can be made.

1. Talk with your child about his/her excessive computer usage.

2. Move the computer to an open area if it’s not already in one – sometimes taking it out of the child’s bedroom is sufficient to reduce their computer usage, and it makes it easier to monitor their usage.

3.Set a password for the computer so that only you can log on to it.

4. Find out how bad your child's addiction is, and what exactly your child is addicted to.

5. Set a time limit on the amount of time your child can spend on the computer each day.

6. Replace the time that your child would normally spend on the computer with other activities – play board games with them, take them to the library, get them together with friends to play sports, etc.

Finally, be aware of your children activities, thinking that, maybe, the computer replaces your 'missing' presence and that more time is necessary to pass with them.

Regards

http://www.wikihow.com/Stop-Your-Child's-Computer-Addiction

How to get rid of Internet dependence (teens, children)?

Internet is a neutral tool likes knife which can help us in cooking or can be abused to hurt people.  Likewise Internet can helps us in accessing the needed information or communication etc. - at the same time Internet can be abused and teens & children can be victimized.  Hence, parental proactive involvement, guidance & control are needed to prevent their children from being victimized or abuse the use of Internet.  One of the ways to help their children is to prevent them from accessing certain unneeded websites (see link below): 

http://gadgets.ndtv.com/internet/features/how-to-block-any-website-on-your-computer-phone-or-network-588357

judicial use of net is the solution instead of complete blocking.

We have reached a stage where we can advice the children to reduce the number of hours spent on internet

but just cant ask them to stop whole internet browsing.

Leave about children even we cant do that.

regular update on pros and cons by parents and teachers and continuous monitoring may help to some extent in controlling their usage.

In fact its our responsibility to teach them that usage is not bad, but mis usage should not be done.

Follow these tips to prevent internet addiction in children and teens:

▪︎ Limit internet usage to include minimal use for social interaction.

▪︎ Internet use should focus on the need to use the internet for school assignments and research.

▪︎ Limit internet gaming

▪︎ Monitor internet use and set boundaries

▪︎ Keep internet usage restricted to specific areas of the home

▪︎ Talk to your child about anxiety, depression, school, and other potential triggers that may be causing additional internet use

▪︎ Seek help form a doctor, friend or professional if your child seems to be spending too much time online

(Taken from the link below.)

I suppose that the second tip from the bottom is most important.

http://www.addictions.com/internet/

Dear,

Thanks for sharing! Certainly this is a dilemma nowadays. In my case, no computers in the rooms and the cell phone has limited hours to use. All this, defined after many conversations. But I agree that it's not easy!

Greetings!

I agree entirely with Mr. Doko

Make teens and children's, aware of it (Internet), in all possible ways for Building up their career, Future plannings and Better achievements... 

Thank You,

Digital detox - break free of your devices

Very good question but we must warn the distinguished professors who have older children that the issue is really bad nowadays...it is quite difficult to set a limit since the teens also work and do their homework and projects on-line...my daughter communicates and asks questions and does a lot of work interactively...the best solution would be to spend as much as possible time with them in alternative education activities, but as you know we are very busy...it is really tricky.

Dear @Aristidis Matsoukis,

Thank you very much for opinion and link.

Regards, Shafagat

Dear @Marković G. Đoko,

Thank you for answer.

Regards, Shafagat

Dear @Gopikrishna Nidigonda, thanks for answer.

Regards, Shafagat

Dear @Nisar K S,

Thank you for comments.

Regards, Shafagat

Dear @Goli Srinivasarao,

Thanks for answer.

Regards, Shafagat

Thanks for sharing the question. Nowadays it is impossible to be independend from the Internet. For example, I need my computer and also the internet about 14-18 hours every day. What we can do is to prevent children to become addicted. But even if they only use the internet to collect information this needs lots of time.

It is a risky situation...

I agree about the aspects of Mr. Matsoukis. Aditionally you can focus on health problems (radiation, eyes, brain blockage, etc) and finally emphasizing on other activities (sports, traditional dance, music, etc)

Through internet youngsters could become familiar with bad influencial pages (extreme sex, dangerous cults, fake schools and colleges, tricky lottery, etc), and finally natural contact is always beneficial for mental health

Children get addicted to internet just because they are not introduced to natural systems.

If there are sufficient content of field work (for both natural science and social science) for pupil to get involved in natural events, applying their creativity, they will find better enjoyment in nature. Parents also should have time to spend them with their wards in nature - site seeing, picnics, social visits and the like!

However, over dependence of students on internet for information is because of the less involvement of teachers in introducing better information through books and explanation of low level information in most of the readily available links; instead if teachers are competent enough to give them address of proper authoritative sites and also good books, they will develop a habit to work ideally; teachers need to go to the library along with students and to work with them in the library. 

This is the biggest fear to technology integration in the classroom. Once it’s there, will everything fall apart if it is taken away? The first problem with this fear is that the likelihood of technology disappearing from society is very small.

Nothing short of some traumatic or explosive global human tragedy would wipe the computer and the Web from the planet. In that case, survival would be the focus anyhow. Aside from that, how does even a temporary glitch in technology result in poor learning?

If e-books are taken out of the classroom, will children no longer know how to read in a traditional text? Of course not!

If the digital math flash cards on a tablet are unavailable, are students going to be baffled at how to use traditional worksheets and flash cards?

If the computer breaks, will children not know how to write with a pencil?

These questions may sound silly, but when a person realizes that technology in the classroom is meant to enrich and reinforce skills, rather than replace them, the fear of overdependence starts to dissipate.

http://www.opencolleges.edu.au/informed/trends/are-we-teaching-kids-to-be-too-dependent-on-technology/

Dear @Prabhat Ranjan,

Thank you very much for opinion.

Regards, Shafagat

Dear @Nirmala S.V.S.G , thanks for comments.

Regards, Shafagat

Dear @Han Ping Fung ,

Thank you very much for opinion.

Regards, Shafagat

Dear @Asoori Latha,

Thank you very much for comments.

Regards, Shafagat

Dear @Tatsuo Tabata,

Thank you very much for  interesting answer and useful link.

Regards, Shafagat

Dear @Osmar Antonio Bonzanini,

Thank you very much for comments.

Regards, Shafagat

Dear @ Andreas Mämpel,

Thanks for answer.

Regards, Shafagat

Dear @Mahfuz Judeh,

Thank you very much for opinion.

Regards, Shafagat

Dear @Digital detox - break free of your devices, thanks for comment.

Regards, Shafagat

Dear @Simona Frone,

Thank you very much for answer.

Regards, Shafagat

Internet, social media, internet games are addictive. Many of us here at RG network are addicted. I have taken part in many discussion here through different questions. There are so many answers and resources available for your research. Kids, teens, adolescents are victims of internet addiction...

I will bring those discussion later to your thread.

Treatment Outcomes with Internet Addicts is fine research article about the issue.

http://www.netaddiction.com/articles/Treatment.pdf

stick and carrot method!

It is easier said than done!!!

There are many science blogs about the issue of internet addiction!

Study: Internet addiction a bunch of bunk

New study attempts to quantify “internet addiction”

Internet addiction: Anatomy of a problem

...

Interview: Susan Greenfield on the internet-fed brain

Information Addiction

Are you addicted to the Internet?

http://scienceblogs.com/?s=internet+addiction

Dear @Ljubomir Jacić,

Thank you very much for opinion.

Regards, Shafagat

Dear @Shafagat, as I have promised, I do bring those threads that contains many good answers and resources about internet addiction.

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Does_Internet_addiction_disorder_lead_to_development_or_slavery

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Is_Internet_Addiction_a_brain_disease17

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Dependency_on_internet_has_become_our_addiction_Is_it_fact

https://www.researchgate.net/post/What_is_the_best_treatment_method_for_internet_addiction_disorder

https://www.researchgate.net/post/what_is_the_effect_of_losing_the_internet_connection

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Is_social_media_addictive

https://www.researchgate.net/post/What_would_you_advise_and_how_would_you_guide_kids_if_they_are_addicted_to_online_computer_games

https://www.researchgate.net/post/What_is_your_opinion_on_the_fact_that_the_mankind_is_a_slave_of_Internet

https://www.researchgate.net/post/What_is_the_suitable_treatment_to_overcome_video_game_addiction_of_children_and_the_unemployed

https://www.researchgate.net/post/In_your_opinion_how_awareness_knowledge_of_children_should_be_developed_in_order_to_adopt_safer_and_responsible_use_modern_comunication_technology

 Dear @Waldemar Koczkodaj,

Thank you very much for opinion.

Regards, Shafagat

Very important points mentioned within the answer of Dr. Aristidis Matsoukis. I agree with him.

Regards

SM Najim 

Dear @Salah Mahdi Najim, thanks for comment.

Regards, Shafagat

Dear Prof Mahmudova ,

It is tough , when they are so much on FB and Youtube ...

I would say more physical activity and talking /debating of issues (my teachers would take us to competition)

Being more creative in terms of activity , when I was teenager we had fire-fighters and traffic regulating activities (with adult supervision) 

It is a pro-active effort from teachers and as parents again talking and playing with games such as monopoly or chess or cards . (may be video game !!!)

Dear Colleague,

- Talk with your child about his/her excessive computer usage. Find out if there are any specific reasons that he/she spends so much time on the computer – sometimes the computer functions as an escape from reality. If your child is facing problems that are causing a desire to “escape”, try to address those.

- Move the computer to an open area if it’s not already in one – sometimes taking it out of the child’s bedroom is sufficient to reduce their computer usage, and it makes it easier to monitor their usage.

- Set a password for the computer so that only you can log on to it.

- Set a time limit on the amount of time your child can spend on the computer each day.

- Replace the time that your child would normally spend on the computer with other activities – play board games with them, Get involved in school clubs/activities take them to the library, get them together with friends to play sports, etc...

-

Take walks outside. You don't always need companions to distract you; you can go and explore on your own. If the urge to log on gets really bad, step out and go for an emergency walk/jog and take in the world's views and wonders. Get your mind off technology and start thinking about the other things in life.

Thank you

Dear Shafagat

Thank you  to share me this question, Internet addiction among children is a growing concern. Online access is a vital part of the modern world and an important tool in the education of our children. In addition, it is a highly entertaining and informative medium. However, these very qualities also make it an enticing escape for many children. They can be anyone in an online chat room, or play thrilling and challenging games against other players from all corners of the globe. With the click of a mouse, they can enter a different world where the problems of their real life are no longer present, and all the things one wishes he or she could be or experience are possible. Like addiction to drugs and alcohol, the Internet offers children and adolescents a way to escape painful feelings or troubling situations. They sacrifice needed hours of sleep to spend time online and withdraw from family and friends to escape into a comfortable online world that they have created and shaped. Children who lack rewarding or nurturing relationships or who suffer from poor social and coping skills are at greater risk to developing inappropriate or excessive online habits. Because they feel alone, alienated, and have problems making new friends, they turn to invisible strangers in online chat rooms looking for the attention and companionship missing in their real lives. They may come from families with significant problems, and they cope with their problems by spending time online.

regards 

Stick and Carrot!

Dear Dr. Shafagat Mahmudova,

Congratulate you to initiate a most difficult question. The IoT is grwing very fast giving products and new apps on weekly basis. 

Students of teem ages are bound to use internet and there is postive impact of using it. More and more responsibilities come on shoulder of parents. By only good friendly counselling of differentiating good and bad information and their impact can help..completely blocking them .. will be dangerous .. amd may burst the situation at any point.

Children should be taught as, internet is a tool to be used when required. It is just like drug that kills diseases but excess of drug kills life.

Moral-excess of anything is bad. If parents practice the same no need to teach the children, they will learn by themselves.

Regards,

Sounik

Hi

we must make a lovely books and interesting activity instead of our programs in schools. For example make new physical games or new competitions for teens that help them to be more creative.

thank you

Dear Shafagat:

I think we should differentiate between Internet "addiction" and perhaps "too much".use of it. What I currently see is an excessive use --I wouldn't say "addiction"-- of the new mobile phones. Internet is quickly going mobile, and people, specially the young, are watching and touching their phones almost everywhere all the time, even when they are driving. This is also encouraged  by providers, which try to foster mobile internet consumption in every conceivable way. 

Dear @Ahmed Al mayahi,

Thank you very much for answer.

Regards, Shafagat

Dear @Aparna Murthy,

Thank you very much for opinion.

Regards, Shafagat

Dear Shafagat Mahmudova

I also think it is reasonable to differentiate the terms of Internet addiction and addiction in children and adolescents.

• The Dependence is a repetitive and everyday habit of using the technology available to surf the Internet, be it smartphones, tablets or computers. Often this dependency creates the need to be unsatisfied, generates anxiety, difficulty in resting and sleep at night, and difficulties in school for poor performance, even in very intelligent children and adolescents.
• This Dependence of not being identified in time can lead to Internet Addiction, where children and adolescents become as addicted as others to narcotics, and when they do not meet their need, they develop the syndrome characteristic of the deprivation of the " Drugs Internet ".
• The Dependency stage, creates habit and attachment of psychological type. Often can be avoided and managed with rules negotiated between parents and children for the use of computers or other devices to surf the Internet, without neglecting school tasks and work in the care and maintenance of order and cleaning of the home.
• These rules should also contemplate no more than one hour of use in video games and if feasible its use to support school tasks with the help of their parents (2 hours on average per day). Social networks should not be banned, but should be limited in their use and be careful not to have communication with people outside their family and social-school circle.
• When the child and adolescent have already developed the Internet Addiction, it is necessary, apart from the rules and family rules already described, the participation of a psychological therapist expert in this field.

regards

Jose Luis

Estimada Shafagat Mahmudova

También creo razonable diferenciar los términos de Dependencia y Adicción a Internet en los niños y adolescentes.

• La Dependencia es un hábito repetitivo y cotidiano de utilizar la tecnología disponibles para navegar en Internet, llámense teléfonos inteligentes, tabletas o computadoras. Con frecuencia esta dependencia crea la necesidad que de no satisfacerse, genera ansiedad, dificultad para descansar y conciliar el sueño por las noches, además de dificultades en la escuela por bajo desempeño, aún en niños y adolescentes muy inteligentes.
• Esta Dependencia de no ser identificada a tiempo puede llevar a la Adicción a Internet, donde los niños y adolescentes se vuelven tan adictos como otros con los estupefacientes, y cuando no satisfacen su necesidad, llegan a desarrollar el síndrome característicos de la deprivación de la "Droga Internet".
• La etapa de Dependencia, crea hábito y apego de tipo psicológico. Con frecuencia se puede evitar y manejar con reglas negociadas entre padres e hijos para el uso de computadoras u otros dispositivos para navegar en Internet, sin descuidar tareas escolares y trabajo en el cuidado y mantenimiento del orden y limpieza del hogar.
• Estas reglas también deben de contemplar no más de una hora de uso en videojuegos y si factible su utilización para apoyo de tareas escolares con auxilio de sus padres (2 hs en promedio al día). No deben de estar prohibidas las redes sociales, pero si limitarlas en su uso y tener cuidado de no tener comunicación con personas extrañas a su círculo familiar y social-escolar.
• Cuando el niño y adolescente ya desarrollaron la Adicción  Internet, es necesario aparte de las normas y reglas familiares ya descritas, la participación de un terapeuta psicológico experto en este campo.

Saludos

José Luis

Dear @Saeed Al Rashid ,

Thank you very much for answer.

Regards, Shafagat

Dear @José Luis García Vigil ,

Thank you very much for interesting opinion.

Regards, Shafagat

Dear @Afaq Ahmad,

Thanks a lot of for comments.

Regards, Shafagat

Dear @Sounik Kiran, thanks for answer.

Regards, Shafagat

Dear @Yasin Asadi, thanks for comments.

Regards, Shafagat

Dear Shafagat

I think involving kids in physical activities and letting them know the importance of that will certainly help. Kids usually misuse smartphone, iPads, etc. hence, they shouldn't be equipped with these gadgets. We should also encourage them for reading books to distract them from internet addiction. However, to some extent, a know-how of the internet for useful information is important for children as well. Having said that, supervision is required in all cases.

Regards

Dear @Ahmed Al mayahi, you do plagiarize again. Please, do behave ethically! Dear @Aristidis has used this resource and has already mentioned in its answer.

http://www.wikihow.com/Stop-Your-Child's-Computer-Addiction

http://www.wikihow.com/Get-Rid-of-an-Internet-Addiction-(Teens)

Dear @Saeed Al Rashid, you have "forgotten" the original resources of your answer. They should be attached! It is a MUST!

http://netaddiction.com/childrenonline/

https://www.webroot.com/us/en/home/resources/tips/ethics-and-legal/family-internet-addiction-what-can-parents-do

https://www.ohelfamily.org/?q=mental_health/addiction_children_and_adolescents

Dear @Farman Ali,

Thanks a lot of for answer.

Regards, Shafagat

Dear @Khan Muhammad,

Thank you very much for answer.

Regards, Shafagat

We need to provide children own time - and it is our great role.

Dear @Josef Punčochář, thanks for comment.

Regards, Shafagat

With the scientific & technological development the world has become a smaller place to move & to communicate among different part of countries & the people & in such environment internet has turned out to be a blessing for every individuals users for their day to day activities & performing part of their life.

With this importance of Internet small children & school going primary children Internet has not become has a part of education or the study but it has become all ours working game for the children .

Any of their day time they remain with the computer & it has been also observe that while going with their parents either for shopping or any other social association ,children keep with them the mobile either for playing the game or passing the messengers to Whats app or Social network & also  talking their friends.

We are aware that in modern time parents also remain busy in their perform & working atmosphere it is desirable that they cannot afford to close their eyes for their children activities ,performance,& progress.

With this parents should carefully instruct ,advice & sometime working with their children our mind works independently & they take the reply of your action correctly & equally at a very fast rate. With the Internet & Mobile the mind of the children remains mechanical & for their working any action they are totally to be remained dependent on such electronic devices .

This is my personal opinion 

I think we need to build childern's interest into physical physical activities and continious monitoring kids is the best option too.

The quick answer: you don't. Let me put it this way: the best way is to prevent it to become a dependence. Internet should be seen as resource, and we should "train" our children to use it. It takes time, it takes a lot of conversation but it is gratifying when you see that your kids are developing their own defences against the garbage on the internet. Unfortunately, there is "garbage" everywhere, not only on the internet, and the "training" is valid for any context of life. Having said that, I have to add that internet is an essential tool for me. I live in the interior of the country and it would be impossible to access all the information I need for my work without the internet. In a way, I am also dependent. The question is, what type of dependence should we allow ourselves?

Dear @Nuno Sidónio Andrade Pereira ,

Thanks a lot of for comments.

Regards, Shafagat

Dear @Ghazanfar Latif, thanks for comment.

Regards, Shafagat

Dear @Brenda Jacono,

Thank you very much for opinion.

Regards, Shafagat

Dear @Rohit M Parikh,

Thank you very much for opinion.

Regards, Shafagat

Dear @Kolita Weerasekera,

Thanks a lot of for comments.

Regards, Shafagat

Dear @Kiruthikamani Govardhanaraj,

Thank you very much for comments and  useful link.

Regards, Shafagat

Dear @Shafagat, this is fine research paper, related to internet prevalence of children in Serbian city.

Prevalence of Internet Addiction among Schoolchildren in Novi Sad

The aim of this study was an assessment of the prevalence of Internet use and Internet addiction among school children aged 14–18 years in the Municipality of Novi Sad, Serbia, and influence of sociodemographic variables on Internet use...

http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/0370-8179/2015/0370-81791512719A.pdf

Dear Lujbomir and  Shafagat,

Greetings for contributions! I am expanding my knowledge from your reading directions. Best Regards.

Dear Shafagat,

Any addiction means a weakening of the volition. There are many strategies to develop volitional skills such as “establishing new habits/new challenges and fixed daily routines, more effective time management”, etc... Children, and not only them, have to be challenged enough with new activities.  

Regards!  

Dear @Osmar Antonio Bonzanini, thanks a lot of for comments.

Regards, Shafagat

 Dear @Mihaela Stoia, 

Thank you for answer.

Regards, Shafagat

Talk with your child about his/her excessive computer usage. Find out if there are any specific reasons that he/she spends so much time on the computer – sometimes the computer functions as an escape from reality. If your child is facing problems that are causing a desire to “escape”, try to address those.

Move the computer to an open area if it’s not already in one – sometimes taking it out of the child’s bedroom is sufficient to reduce their computer usage, and it makes it easier to monitor their usage.

Find out how bad your child's addiction is, and what exactly your child is addicted to. Does your child spend most of his/her computer time playing games, chatting online, or just browsing the Web?

If he/she is addicted to learning information, as long as it is legal, safe and decent, then that should not be an issue. Using the Internet for education, rather than any inappropriate uses, is a great use. Programming sites are a useful class of site, and provide a skill that is good to learn, plus they teach a skill which will be beneficial. If your child is addicted to learning information, then that is benign, and useful to his/her education. Praise them for that. If they must use chatrooms, use educational ones where the emphasis is on learning a skill, not socializing, as these are less biased towards who and more about at, when and why 

Some children go through phases where they like chat room sites, then decide it is no longer of interest, and move on to more educational-related sites, e.g. computer programming, history, science, etc. These will not cause worry in most cases.

Set a time limit on the amount of time your child can spend on the computer each day. In reality, though, time limits seldom work due to the stress of modern life. As a child gets older, they work it out for themselves, in most cases.

First, tell your child their time limit and see if they're able to stick to the limit themselves. This will not work, realistically.

If he can’t control his time on the computer on his own (which, if his addiction is serious, will likely be the case), start using a timer. Once the timer goes off, your child has to get off the computer. However, some children may discover for themselves that an activity can get tedious after a while; computing is no different.

Set a time limit on the amount of time for yourself in order to be a good role model.

You cannot totally get rid of internet, unless you follow the prohibitionist policy. But even then, children will not use internet in front of you and when you are away they will continue...

So "Everything in moderation"!

http://www.goodreads.com/quotes/642841-pan-metron-ariston-everything-in-moderation

Link to addiction and addictive personality types just as one gets addicted to drugs drink and gambling computer or internet addiction is also an additional problem. Try to moderate usage find them a sport or hobby that involves exercise. Limit time on computer as even if you manage to control the computer usage remember the internet access on mobile phones. Highlight the danger to eyesight caused by too much computer usage problems of a sedentary hobby health risks. Encourage children to group think what are the issues around excessive usage of computers laptops and mobile devices and how can they be mindful of their own health.

Dear @Prem Baboo,

Thank you very much for interesting and informative answer.

Regards, Shafagat

Dear @Demetris Christopoulos,

Thank you very much for comments and link.

Regards, Shafagat

Dear @Georgina Boyd, thanks a lot of for opinion.

Regards, Shafagat

Dear @Nirmala S.V.S.G,

Thank you very much for opinion.

Regards, Shafagat

Dear Colleagues, I would appreciate very much your informed comments, opinions and perspectives from different scientific fields.

With best regards,

Shafagat