it is very difficult to study the reactions that are going on in a living cell because multifactors are present in a cell. to study such a reaction in test tube we need the specific cytoplasmic and/or nuclear components from cells which can be isolated by ultracentrifugation. so A cell-free system is an in vitro tool used to study reactions that happen within cells.
Useful to study biological reactions because it minimizes the complex interactions found in a whole cell.
Can be used for in vitro protein synthesis or transcription or DNA replication or other purposes
In biology, a cell free system is a reactions or a system without using a cell. PCR is a cell free system.
In vitro protein expression is the production of recombinant proteins in solution using biomolecular translation machinery extracted from cells. Because protein synthesis occurs in cell lysates rather than within cultured cells, the method is also called cell-free protein expression.
Cell-free protein production can be accomplished with several kinds and species of cell extract, and these approaches have several advantages and features that complement traditional in vivo methods.
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Article Cell-Free Synthetic Biology: Thinking Outside the Cell
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