F-12 refers to Ham's F-12 nutrient mixture. The glucose content in the DMEM should dictate whether it is a high or low concentration, because as far as I can figure from Sigma's product literature (attached) and other companies' product information, F-12 itself contributes no glucose but is mixed in a 1:1 ratio with DMEM.
DMEM/F-12 is a 1:1 mix of Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium and Ham's F-12 medium. The levels of all components vary between the media and DMEM/F-12 is a blend of the two.
You can compare the contents by looking at the technical information, for example, below are links to the formulations of Life Technologies DMEM high glucose, DMEM low glucose and DMEM/F-12.
With regards to which medium to use for iPSC, it will depend on what type of cells and what type of differentiation you want to induce. You will need to search the literature to determine which medium is best for your purposes.
Agreed with the researchers, to choose good media must identify the cell type and how differentiation . View all attachments will provide you with useful information
All these responses and attached datasheet(s) are of help in providing insight into the best cell culture medium to choose based on the cell type and differentiation