Please see the links below.

https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S2215-0366%2820%2930203-0

https://www.eymj.org/Synapse/Data/PDFData/0069YMJ/ymj-61-438.pdf

Dear Sir Hamed Delam, Psychologically difficult to say using words, but what feels our life as if something is missing and shackled, although for daily activities, our activities have been supported by various forms of quality applications in the field of information technology. For me personally, the psychological impact is not there and nothing that I feel, even though it's been quite a long time "staying at home" without going anywhere for almost 4 months. One perceived disturbance is "not being able to move out of the house freely" due to the application of social distance and the limitation of large-scale community activities with all oversight and legal sanctions if violated. The feeling of losing a friend even though I can communicate via Zoom and Google Meet and WhatsApp, but I can't see (touch) the office (which is my second home) long enough. However, if viewed from a workload perspective, all can be completed from home because it is entirely internet based. We apologize if there are errors or wrong words, greetings from Indonesia.

Hamed Delam:

This is a great question. Based on the body of the literature, the most common psychological symptoms associated include anxiety, depression, and self-reported stress. That being said, the mental health risks are significantly higher for vulnerable populations (i.e. adults over 65, homeless individuals, and migrant workers). We are not very used to prolonged periods of self-isolation and removal from our daily activities of life. Confined spaces limit our mobility and activities. There is also the eminent danger that upon exposure to others, we, or our loved ones, may have the virus and show respiratory changes. This also adds added stress. Hope you are staying safe!

The main psychological impact to date is elevated rates of stress as well as anxiety. Besides, loneliness feeling, depression, alcohol and drug usage is expected to increase. Other effects include self-harm or suicidal behaviour.

I Putu - Artaya Mayank Pathak Saman Arfaie Rekha Bhatia

Dear researchers,

Thank you for your great answers

Sincerely

I would expect a significant increase in OCD related symptoms as well. The public response to the pandemic, especially the prescriptions related to hygiene, may seriously hamper OCD treatment and foster irrational fear of contamination in yougths.

A simple answer could be any disorder that is fueled by anxiety and stress. This may include psychological disorders but also physiological disorders such as autoimmune diseases, diabetes, cancer, etc. The distinction between soul and body is rather artificial; they are rather interconnected. The so called “psychosomatic diseases” probably underestimates the above interconnection. So, people may feel calmer or more stressed during lockdown and during the pandemic, depending on their personal, family, work and greater social situation. For example, if they have agoraphobia and they are able to work on-line, they may feel better during this pandemic than before that they would have to face traffic and colleagues at the workplace. On the other hand, people that are living alone may face more problems with the obligatory isolation. So, it depends: on what they had before, what they have now and what they expect about the future.

According to Xiao C on his article A novel approach of consultation on 2019 corona virus (covid-19) related psychological and mental problems :structured letter therapy.

Anxiety and depression have been noted to be among the most predominant disorders due to social distancing(lack of human interaction)

And also the lack of one on one consultations with the therapist. I also feel the anxiety could be induced by the stigma related to covid-19 and the possibility of loved ones being sick and probably dying from it. The depression could be due to multiple reasons ,one of them being to the economic impact ,retrenchment and the lock down decreasing service delivery. Students not being able to complete their studies in record time and for the ones who has tested positive the death scare might induce alot of anxiety ,the constant worry about who will be taking care of their dependents and the inability to attend loved one's funerals due to the travel ban.

Covid-19 would definitely have its ramifications on mental health for those who are living this critical moment. Broadly speaking, these can be categorised into 3 groups

1) Relapse for those with a psychiatric diagnosis (Whether due to stressors or inaccessibility of service for meds refill for e.g.)

2) De novo psychiatric illness in those (genetically) vulnerable

3) Adjustment reactions

Stressors related to Covid-19

1) self-confinement and isolation

2) economic loss

3) loss of freedom

4) coronaphobia and thanatophobia

5) Disturbance of routine (esp in autism)

6) rumours, uncertainties, misinformation

This can clinically translate into different presentations, including, inter alia-

1) Adjustment disorder- anxiety/depression

2) OCD- contamination/hoarding

3) Mass hysteria

4) MDD- delusional guilt/nihilism

5) Bipolar MD- religious mania

6) substance use disorders

7) PTSD

8) Persistent personality changes

9) Paranoid schizo

10) suicidality

Naguy et al. (2020, Asian J Psychiatr. Coronaphobia and Chronophobia: A Psychiatric Perspective) have elaborated on the topic.

Regards.

Camellia, May, 2020

I think firstly General Anxiety Disorder, following by Depression.

Anxiety

Definitely anxiety and depression, and possibly exacerbations of previous conditions. Some people are practicing avoidance behaviour, some people are scared and have sleep problems, very few don't care. COVID 19 is not the only one cause for mental health problems, but unemployment definitely is, more than COVID.

As people are excessively worrying about getting COVID-19, work and financial issues, generalized anxiety disorder is the common one, followed by depression with a significant increase in substances uses.

I agree and anxiety and stress related disorders

Future uncertainty in the job market, Wall Street, and even fear of a second wave affect the anxious and causes stress to the general public.

Stress, anxiety, fear, depression and lack of confidence are the most important psychological disorders, associated with COVID-19.

I would say depression, phobias have been rather magnified and anxiety.

Adjustment disorders

The sense of helplessness and hopelessness that many people had, even without a diagnosis of depression. Interminable waiting, and lack of consistent news from those that posed to have knowledge of the virus, and it's course.

Fear of death and intubation as well as stress-related disorders.

Depression anxiety insomne

Depression, Anxiety, Fear and Post-pandemic adjustment

Anxiety, depression and even the consequence is death that we have seen already.

Please see the links below.

https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S2215-0366%2820%2930203-0

https://www.eymj.org/Synapse/Data/PDFData/0069YMJ/ymj-61-438.pdf

Children are likely to be experiencing worry, anxiety and fear, and this can include the types of fears that are very similar to those experienced by adults, such as a fear of dying, a fear of their relatives dying, or a fear of what it means to receive medical treatment.

http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19/news/news/2020/3/mental-health-and-psychological-resilience-in-times-of-covid-20#:~:text=Children%20are%20likely%20to%20be,mental%20well%2Dbeing.

If schools have closed as part of necessary measures, then children may no longer have that sense of structure and stimulation that is provided by that environment, and now they have less opportunity to be with their friends and get that social support that is essential for good mental well-being.

http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19/news/news/2020/3/mental-health-and-psychological-resilience-in-times-of-covid-20#:~:text=Children%20are%20likely%20to%20be,mental%20well%2Dbeing

The fear of not being able to see themselves in the future, with the situation becoming dim day by day!

Fear and lose interest in doing work.

SARS, Ebola, H1N1 and today COVID-19, these epidemics have major effects on people's activity, behavior, morale and health. The first studies in China on the impact of the current epidemic report a significant number of anxiety and depressive disorders as well as sleep disorders.

Other work carried out previously suggests a risk of increased suicidal behavior, symptoms of psychotic appearance, psychosomatic symptoms, symptoms of post-traumatic stress and consumption of psychoactive substances (alcohol, tobacco, etc.).

Anxiety, suicidal ideation and phobia. I agree with Ezinne.

Anxiety, phobia, depressive illness, and psychosomatic symptoms.

Being at home can place some children at increased risk of, or increased exposure to, child protection incidents or make them witness to interpersonal violence if their home is not a safe place. This is something that is very concerning.

http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19/news/news/2020/3/mental-health-and-psychological-resilience-in-times-of-covid-20#:~:text=Children%20are%20likely%20to%20be,mental%20well%2Dbeing

Regarding older people and also those with underlying health conditions, having been identified as more vulnerable to COVID-19, and to be told that you are very vulnerable, can be extremely frightening and very fear-inducing. The psychological impacts for these populations can include anxiety and feeling stressed or angry. Its impacts can be particularly difficult for older people who may be experiencing cognitive decline or dementia. And some older people may already be socially isolated and experiencing loneliness which can worsen mental health.

http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19/news/news/2020/3/mental-health-and-psychological-resilience-in-times-of-covid-20#:~:text=Children%20are%20likely%20to%20be,mental%20well%2Dbeing

Regarding older people and also those with underlying health conditions, having been identified as more vulnerable to COVID-19, and to be told that you are very vulnerable, can be extremely frightening and very fear-inducing. The psychological impacts for these populations can include anxiety and feeling stressed or angry. Its impacts can be particularly difficult for older people who may be experiencing cognitive decline or dementia. And some older people may already be socially isolated and experiencing loneliness which can worsen mental health.

http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19/news/news/2020/3/mental-health-and-psychological-resilience-in-times-of-covid-20#:~:text=Children%20are%20likely%20to%20be,mental%20well%2Dbeing

Hi

This is all about a unseen enemy ,who enters with out anyone's knowledge.????#unknown enemy.Very difficult to handle as we don't know specific clues so far.Everytime receiving new information without predictions.

Fearfulness, sadness,demoralization, stigmatization, anxiety,psychosomatic problems, depression, suicidal ideation, psychoses and Last but not the least in comming future The PostCovid Stess Disorder is awaited.

Very unfortunate part is all members of the society are affected.starting from a child to a elderly person.

So our concern should be to help the people as per their requirement.

Depression and nervousness

depression

Depression

Combination of anxiety, depression and infection phobia

I agree with Chinaza Godswill Awuchi

PTSD&Anxiety(Anticipatory Anxiety)

Look current psychiatry web page for a session re COVID 19

insomnia, anxiety, cabin syndrome

We recently had an excellent lecture on psychiatric comorbidity due to COVID and apparently there is full spectrum of depressive and anxiety disorders plus psychosis/mood disorder due to GMC, and consequences from COVID, severe cases of course (encephalopathy, dementia) Frightening!

its different to the, age of cases, children, adult, teenagers, women, disabilities,...more variables. so i think investigation study will help in that.

Sleep disturbances, increased ruminations in depressed patients and in psychosis, increased deficits in cognition in patients with dementia due to decreased stimulation from environment, and all those mentioned acbove

Anxiety and death phobia.

Social phobia and depression

Depression, high tendency to use modern technology of playing like play stations, Childhood games and so on.

At least it imposed me depression

The numberless deaths in solitude and despair. Could all we do something better ? There is no answer.

Depressive symptomatology, anxiety, stress and levels of social support

Anxiety and stess disorder.again like post traumatic stess disorder PTSD )

Fear !

Depression the fear Anxiety Stress

I agree that sufferers of anxiety & depression will struggle. Those with Obsessional Compulsive Disorders may well find that their condition deteriorates.

I recently saw an office worker with OCD whose rituals had got worse. He worked in an open-plan office, and in pre-CoVID-19 days, if he wanted to check something, he just asked one of his neighbouring employees. Now, he is working from home and living on his own. It's much more difficult to seek speedy reassurance, so his checking routines have become much more prominent and intrusive, and his output has drastically fallen.

Bw

Chris Ide