This is a BAD Scenario. It will never be realized.

Leonid

I perfectly agree with Prof. Leonid. It would spark fire

I certainly can see that happening made concrete already by China's economic plans and ambitions. Whether that will make the world a better place is an entirely different matter. But it will be another development in the unstoppable embedding of globalisation.

Thank you for the first reactions. Althoug the normative point (good thing or bad thing) is interesting, it is not the focus of my question. I would like to get academic arguments on how likely it is and why.

Philadelphia, PA

Dear Pausch & readers,

I suspect that the factual-theoretical question of political science and the related normative questions will not easily be separated in this case. The plausible reasoning behind the normative judgements one sees evidenced above are likely going to be very similar to the objections to the possibility of the kind of international configuration you ask about.

A more reasonable question might address the more limited case of the prospects for the E.U. This more limited case is perhaps better understood, and there seem to be many practical and some normative objections to the E.U. as a fuller "super-national player," as you put it. It is not that many think that the E.U. is about to dissolve, but the continued support of the British government for Brexit does, among other developments in recent years, suggest practical doubts about the further development or consolidation of the E.U. These problems are unfortunate in my view, but they seem, nonetheless quite real.

The resurgence of nationalism in Europe seems to date back to decisions within the E.U. itself--the move away from the ideal of "ever closer union," in the direction of greater emphasis on the roles of the nation states. One way to look at this is that the nation states had considerable legal and institutional facility to deal with emerging economic and financial problems which the institutions of the E.U. lacked --or which were underdeveloped.

Another element of the problems, and one which also deserves some attention in relation to the other international blocks you envisage, is the lack of a common sense of belonging to the greater unit--the absence of a "European people," and a sense of common destiny anywhere near the intensity of national identification and sentiments. For the E.U. to be a full-fledged "super-national" agent I suspect it would have to be able to represent Europe to the Europeans in order to have their support--in contrast to the sometimes conflicting interests of the various nation states. In a way this is a reflection of the old complaint of the "democracy deficit" in the European institutions. As I have put the point elsewhere, a stronger E.U. would seem to require a "We the European people" moment, as contrasted with the regime of "we the European peoples."

Much more could be said, pro or con, but perhaps these few remarks will evoke some substantial follow-up on the possibility or plausibility of your envisaged super-national world order. Even among the critics of nationalism, super-national organization will often appear implausible, unworkable or extremely limited, and therefore, perhaps even undesirable.

H.G.Callaway

Personally I do not agree with The New Wold Order (NWO).

Dears, I have got one interesting evaluation and comment on the New world order by Kyle Ridout.

. The review is in agreement with my opinion too. So, please share your time and have a look in to it.

Still Don't Believe In The New World Order? Here's some quotes if you're still confused.

"We are not going to achieve a new world order without paying for it in blood as well as in words and money." Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., in Foreign Affairs (July/August 1995)

THAT quotation and the following - and many others like them - clearly demonstrate that the words "new world order" are deadly serious and furthermore, have been in use for decades. They did not originate with President George Bush in 1990. The "old world order" is one based on independent nation-states. The "new world order" involves the elimination of the sovereignty and independence of nation-states and some form of world government. This means the end of the United States of America, the U.S. Constitution, and the Bill of Rights as we now know them. Most of the new world order proposals involve the conversion of the United Nations and its agencies to a world government, complete with a world army, a world parliament, a world court, global taxation, and numerous other agencies to control every aspect of human life (education, nutrition, health care, population, immigration, communications, transportation, commerce, agriculture, finance, the environment, etc.). The various notions of the "new world order" differ as to details and scale, but agree on the basic principle and substance.

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"Today, America would be outraged if U.N. troops entered Los Angeles to restore order [referring to the 1991 LA Riot]. Tomorrow they will be grateful! This is especially true if they were told that there were an outside threat from beyond [i.e., an "extraterrestrial" invasion], whether real or *promulgated* [emphasis mine], that threatened our very existence. It is then that all peoples of the world will plead to deliver them from this evil. The one thing every man fears is the unknown. When presented with this *scenario*, individual rights will be willingly relinquished for the guarantee of their well-being granted to them by the World Government." Dr. Henry Kissinger, Bilderberger Conference, Evians, France, 1991

"The drive of the Rockefellers and their allies is to create a one-world government combining supercapitalism and Communism under the same tent, all under their control.... Do I mean conspiracy? Yes I do. I am convinced there is such a plot, international in scope, generations old in planning, and incredibly evil in intent." Congressman Larry P. McDonald, 1976, killed in the Korean Airlines 747 that was shot down by the Soviets

"We are grateful to The Washington Post, The New York Times, Time Magazine and other great publications whose directors have attended our meetings and respected their promises of discretion for almost forty years. It would have been impossible for us to develop our plan for the world if we had been subject to the bright lights of publicity during those years. But, the work is now much more sophisticated and prepared to march towards a world government. The supranational sovereignty of an intellectual elite and world bankers is surely preferable to the national auto-determination practiced in past centuries." David Rockefeller, founder of the Trilateral Commission, in an address to a meeting of The Trilateral Commission, in June, 1991.

"The idea was that those who direct the overall conspiracy could use the differences in those two so-called ideologies [marxism/fascism/socialism v. democracy/capitalism] to enable them [the Illuminati] to divide larger and larger portions of the human race into opposing camps so that they could be armed and then brainwashed into fighting and destroying each other." Myron Fagan

"No one will enter the New World Order unless he or she will make a pledge to worship Lucifer. No one will enter the New Age unless he will take a LUCIFERIAN Initiation." David Spangler, Director of Planetary Initiative, United Nations

"In March, 1915, the J.P. Morgan interests, the steel, shipbuilding, and powder interest, and their subsidiary organizations, got together 12 men high up in the newspaper world and employed them to select the most influential newspapers in the United States and sufficient number of them to control generally the policy of the daily press....They found it was only necessary to purchase the control of 25 of the greatest papers.

"An agreement was reached; the policy of the papers was bought, to be paid for by the month; an editor was furnished for each paper to properly supervise and edit information regarding the questions of preparedness, militarism, financial policies, and other things of national and international nature considered vital to the interests of the purchasers." U.S. Congressman Oscar Callaway, 1917

"The world can therefore seize the opportunity [Persian Gulf crisis] to fulfill the long-held promise of a New World Order where diverse nations are drawn together in common cause to achieve the universal aspirations of mankind." George Herbert Walker Bush

"In the next century, nations as we know it will be obsolete; all states will recognize a single, global authority. National sovereignty wasn't such a great idea after all." Strobe Talbot, President Clinton's Deputy Secretary of State, as quoted in Time, July 20th, l992.

"We shall have world government whether or not you like it, by conquest or consent." Statement by Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) member James Warburg to The Senate Foreign Relations Committee on February 17th, l950

"The world is governed by very different personages from what is imagined by those who are not behind the scenes." Benjamin Disraeli, first Prime Minister of England, in a novel he published in 1844 called Coningsby, the New Generation

"The governments of the present day have to deal not merely with other governments, with emperors, kings and ministers, but also with the secret societies which have everywhere their unscrupulous agents, and can at the last moment upset all the governments' plans. " British Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli, 1876

"Since I entered politics, I have chiefly had men's views confided to me privately. Some of the biggest men in the United States, in the Field of commerce and manufacture, are afraid of something. They know that there is a power somewhere so organized, so subtle, so watchful, so interlocked, so complete, so pervasive, that they better not speak above their breath when they speak in condemnation of it." Woodrow Wilson, The New Freedom (1913)

"What is important is to dwell upon the increasing evidence of the existence of a secret conspiracy, throughout the world, for the destruction of organized government and the letting loose of evil." Christian Science Monitor editorial, June 19th, l920

"The real menace of our republic is this invisible government which like a giant octopus sprawls its slimy length over city, state and nation. Like the octopus of real life, it operates under cover of a self created screen....At the head of this octopus are the Rockefeller Standard Oil interests and a small group of powerful banking houses generally referred to as international bankers. The little coterie of powerful international bankers virtually run the United States government for their own selfish purposes. They practically control both political parties." New York City Mayor John F. Hylan, 1922

"From the days of Sparticus, Wieskhopf, Karl Marx, Trotsky, Rosa Luxemberg, and Emma Goldman, this world conspiracy has been steadily growing. This conspiracy played a definite recognizable role in the tragedy of the French revolution. It has been the mainspring of every subversive movement during the 19th century. And now at last this band of extraordinary personalities from the underworld of the great cities of Europe and America have gripped the Russian people by the hair of their head and have become the undisputed masters of that enormous empire." Winston Churchill, stated to the London Press, in l922.

"We are at present working discreetly with all our might to wrest this mysterious force called sovereignty out of the clutches of the local nation states of the world." Professor Arnold Toynbee, in a June l931 speech before the Institute for the Study of International Affairs in Copenhagen.

"The government of the Western nations, whether monarchical or republican, had passed into the invisible hands of a plutocracy, international in power and grasp. It was, I venture to suggest, this semi-occult power which....pushed the mass of the American people into the cauldron of World War I." British military historian Major General J.F.C. Fuller, l941

"For a long time I felt that FDR had developed many thoughts and ideas that were his own to benefit this country, the United States. But, he didn't. Most of his thoughts, his political ammunition, as it were, were carefully manufactured for him in advanced by the Council on Foreign Relations-One World Money group. Brilliantly, with great gusto, like a fine piece of artillery, he exploded that prepared "ammunition" in the middle of an unsuspecting target, the American people, and thus paid off and returned his internationalist political support.

"The UN is but a long-range, international banking apparatus clearly set up for financial and economic profit by a small group of powerful One-World revolutionaries, hungry for profit and power.

"The depression was the calculated 'shearing' of the public by the World Money powers, triggered by the planned sudden shortage of supply of call money in the New York money market....The One World Government leaders and their ever close bankers have now acquired full control of the money and credit machinery of the U.S. via the creation of the privately owned Federal Reserve Bank." Curtis Dall, FDR's son-in-law as quoted in his book, My Exploited Father-in-Law

"The real truth of the matter is, as you and I know, that a financial element in the larger centers has owned the Government ever since the days of Andrew Jackson." A letter written by FDR to Colonel House, November 21st, l933

"The real rulers in Washington are invisible, and exercise power from behind the scenes." Supreme Court Justice Felix Frankfurter, 1952

"Fifty men have run America, and that's a high figure." Joseph Kennedy, father of JFK, in the July 26th, l936 issue of The New York Times.

"Today the path of total dictatorship in the United States can be laid by strictly legal means, unseen and unheard by the Congress, the President, or the people. Outwardly we have a Constitutional government. We have operating within our government and political system, another body representing another form of government - a bureaucratic elite." Senator William Jenner, 1954

"The case for government by elites is irrefutable." Senator William Fulbright, Former chairman of the US Senate Foreign Relations Committee, stated at a 1963 symposium entitled: The Elite and the Electorate - Is Government by the People Possible?

"The Trilateral Commission is intended to be the vehicle for multinational consolidation of the commercial and banking interests by seizing control of the political government of the United States. The Trilateral Commission represents a skillful, coordinated effort to seize control and consolidate the four centers of power political, monetary, intellectual and ecclesiastical. What the Trilateral Commission intends is to create a worldwide economic power superior to the political governments of the nationstates involved. As managers and creators of the system, they will rule the future." U.S. Senator Barry Goldwater in his l964 book: With No Apologies.

"The powers of financial capitalism had another far reaching aim, nothing less than to create a world system of financial control in private hands able to dominate the political system of each country and the economy of the world as a whole. This system was to be controlled in a feudalist fashion by the central banks of the world acting in concert, by secret agreements, arrived at in frequent private meetings and conferences. The apex of the system was the Bank for International Settlements in Basle, Switzerland, a private bank owned and controlled by the worlds' central banks which were themselves private corporations. The growth of financial capitalism made possible a centralization of world economic control and use of this power for the direct benefit of financiers and the indirect injury of all other economic groups." Tragedy and Hope: A History of The World in Our Time (Macmillan Company, 1966,) Professor Carroll Quigley of Georgetown University, highly esteemed by his former student, William Jefferson Blythe Clinton.

"The Council on Foreign Relations is "the establishment." Not only does it have influence and power in key decision-making positions at the highest levels of government to apply pressure from above, but it also announces and uses individuals and groups to bring pressure from below, to justify the high level decisions for converting the U.S. from a sovereign Constitutional Republic into a servile member state of a one-world dictatorship." Former Congressman John Rarick 1971

"The directors of the CFR (Council on Foreign Relations) make up a sort of Presidium for that part of the Establishment that guides our destiny as a nation." The Christian Science Monitor, September 1, l961

"The New World Order will have to be built from the bottom up rather than from the top down...but in the end run around national sovereignty, eroding it piece by piece will accomplish much more than the old fashioned frontal assault." CFR member Richard Gardner, writing in the April l974 issue of the CFR's journal, Foreign Affairs.

"The planning of UN can be traced to the 'secret steering committee' established by Secretary [of State Cordell] Hull in January 1943. All of the members of this secret committee, with the exception of Hull, a Tennessee politician, were members of the Council on Foreign Relations. They saw Hull regularly to plan, select, and guide the labors of the [State] Department's Advisory Committee. It was, in effect, the coordinating agency for all the State Department's postwar planning." Professors Laurence H. Shoup and William Minter, writing in their study of the CFR, "Imperial Brain Trust: The CFR and United States Foreign Policy." (Monthly Review Press, 1977).

"The most powerful clique in these (CFR) groups have one objective in common: they want to bring about the surrender of the sovereignty and the national independence of the U.S. They want to end national boundaries and racial and ethnic loyalties supposedly to increase business and ensure world peace. What they strive for would inevitably lead to dictatorship and loss of freedoms by the people. The CFR was founded for "the purpose of promoting disarmament and submergence of U.S. sovereignty and national independence into an all-powerful one-world government." Harpers, July l958

"The old world order changed when this war-storm broke. The old international order passed away as suddenly, as unexpectedly, and as completely as if it had been wiped out by a gigantic flood, by a great tempest, or by a volcanic eruption. The old world order died with the setting of that day's sun and a new world order is being born while I speak, with birth-pangs so terrible that it seems almost incredible that life could come out of such fearful suffering and such overwhelming sorrow." Nicholas Murray Butler, in an address delivered before the Union League of Philadelphia, Nov. 27, 1915

"The peace conference has assembled. It will make the most momentous decisions in history, and upon these decisions will rest the stability of the new world order and the future peace of the world." M. C. Alexander, Executive Secretary of the American Association for International Conciliation, in a subscription letter for the periodical International Conciliation (1919)

"If there are those who think we are to jump immediately into a new world order, actuated by complete understanding and brotherly love, they are doomed to disappointment. If we are ever to approach that time, it will be after patient and persistent effort of long duration. The present international situation of mistrust and fear can only be corrected by a formula of equal status, continuously applied, to every phase of international contacts, until the cobwebs of the old order are brushed out of the minds of the people of all lands." Dr. Augustus O. Thomas, president of the World Federation of Education Associations (August 1927), quoted in the book International Understanding: Agencies Educating for a New World (1931)

"... when the struggle seems to be drifting definitely towards a world social democracy, there may still be very great delays and disappointments before it becomes an efficient and beneficent world system. Countless people ... will hate the new world order ... and will die protesting against it. When we attempt to evaluate its promise, we have to bear in mind the distress of a generation or so of malcontents, many of them quite gallant and graceful-looking people." H. G. Wells, in his book entitled The New World Order (1939)

"The term Internationalism has been popularized in recent years to cover an interlocking financial, political, and economic world force for the purpose of establishing a World Government. Today Internationalism is heralded from pulpit and platform as a 'League of Nations' or a 'Federated Union' to which the United States must surrender a definite part of its National Sovereignty. The World Government plan is being advocated under such alluring names as the 'New International Order,' 'The New World Order,' 'World Union Now,' 'World Commonwealth of Nations,' 'World Community,' etc. All the terms have the same objective; however, the line of approach may be religious or political according to the taste or training of the individual." Excerpt from A Memorial to be Addressed to the House of Bishops and the House of Clerical and Lay Deputies of the Protestant Episcopal Church in General Convention (October 1940)

"In the first public declaration on the Jewish question since the outbreak of the war, Arthur Greenwood, member without portfolio in the British War Cabinet, assured the Jews of the United States that when victory was achieved an effort would be made to found a new world order based on the ideals of 'justice and peace.'" Excerpt from article entitled "New World Order Pledged to Jews," in The New York Times (October 1940)

"If totalitarianism wins this conflict, the world will be ruled by tyrants, and individuals will be slaves. If democracy wins, the nations of the earth will be united in a commonwealth of free peoples, and individuals, wherever found, will be the sovereign units of the new world order." The Declaration of the Federation of the World, produced by the Congress on World Federation, adopted by the Legislatures of North Carolina (1941), New Jersey (1942), Pennsylvania (1943), and possibly other states.

"New World Order Needed for Peace: State Sovereignty Must Go, Declares Notre Dame Professor"

Title of article in The Tablet (Brooklyn) (March 1942)

"Undersecretary of State Sumner Welles tonight called for the early creation of an international organization of anti-Axis nations to control the world during the period between the armistice at the end of the present war and the setting up of a new world order on a permanent basis." Text of article in The Philadelphia Inquirer (June 194

"The statement went on to say that the spiritual teachings of religion must become the foundation for the new world order and that national sovereignty must be subordinate to the higher moral law of God." American Institute of Judaism, excerpt from article in The New York Times (December 1942)

"There are some plain common-sense considerations applicable to all these attempts at world planning. They can be briefly stated: 1. To talk of blueprints for the future or building a world order is, if properly understood, suggestive, but it is also dangerous. Societies grow far more truly than they are built. A constitution for a new world order is never like a blueprint for a skyscraper." Norman Thomas, in his book What Is Our Destiny? (1944)

"He [John Foster Dulles] stated directly to me that he had every reason to believe that the Governor [Thomas E. Dewey of New York] accepts his point of view and that he is personally convinced that this is the policy that he would promote with great vigor if elected. So it is fair to say that on the first round the Sphinx of Albany has established himself as a prima facie champion of a strong and definite new world order." Excerpt from article by Ralph W. Page in The Philadelphia Bulletin (May 1944)

"Alchemy for a New World Order" Article by Stephen John Stedman in Foreign Affairs (May/June 1995)

"The United Nations, he told an audience at Harvard University, 'has not been able--nor can it be able--to shape a new world order which events so compellingly demand.' ... The new world order that will answer economic, military, and political problems, he said, 'urgently requires, I believe, that the United States take the leadership among all free peoples to make the underlying concepts and aspirations of national sovereignty truly meaningful through the federal approach.'" Gov. Nelson Rockefeller of New York, in an article entitled "Rockefeller Bids Free Lands Unite: Calls at Harvard for Drive to Build New World Order" -- The New York Times (February 1962)

"The developing coherence of Asian regional thinking is reflected in a disposition to consider problems and loyalties in regional terms, and to evolve regional approaches to development needs and to the evolution of a new world order." Richard Nixon, in Foreign Affairs (October 1967)

"He [President Nixon] spoke of the talks as a beginning, saying nothing more about the prospects for future contacts and merely reiterating the belief he brought to China that both nations share an interest in peace and building 'a new world order.'" Excerpt from an article in The New York Times (February 1972)

"If instant world government, Charter review, and a greatly strengthened International Court do not provide the answers, what hope for progress is there? The answer will not satisfy those who seek simple solutions to complex problems, but it comes down essentially to this: The hope for the foreseeable lies, not in building up a few ambitious central institutions of universal membership and general jurisdiction as was envisaged at the end of the last war, but rather in the much more decentralized, disorderly and pragmatic process of inventing or adapting institutions of limited jurisdiction and selected membership to deal with specific problems on a case-by-case basis ... In short, the 'house of world order' will have to be built from the bottom up rather than from the top down. It will look like a great 'booming, buzzing confusion,' to use William James' famous description of reality, but an end run around national sovereignty, eroding it piece by piece, will accomplish much more than the old-fashioned frontal assault." Richard N. Gardner, in Foreign Affairs (April 1974)

"The existing order is breaking down at a very rapid rate, and the main uncertainty is whether mankind can exert a positive role in shaping a new world order or is doomed to await collapse in a passive posture. We believe a new order will be born no later than early in the next century and that the death throes of the old and the birth pangs of the new will be a testing time for the human species." Richard A. Falk, in an article entitled "Toward a New World Order: Modest Methods and Drastic Visions," in the book On the Creation of a Just World Order (1975)

"My country's history, Mr. President, tells us that it is possible to fashion unity while cherishing diversity, that common action is possible despite the variety of races, interests, and beliefs we see here in this chamber. Progress and peace and justice are attainable. So we say to all peoples and governments: Let us fashion together a new world order." Henry Kissinger, in address before the General Assembly of the United Nations, October 1975)

"At the old Inter-American Office in the Commerce Building here in Roosevelt's time, as Assistant Secretary of State for Latin American Affairs under President Truman, as chief whip with Adlai Stevenson and Tom Finletter at the founding of the United Nations in San Francisco, Nelson Rockefeller was in the forefront of the struggle to establish not only an American system of political and economic security but a new world order." Part of article in The New York Times (November 1975)

"A New World Order" Title of article on commencement address at the University of Pennsylvania by Hubert H. Humphrey, printed in the Pennsylvania Gazette (June 1977)

"Further global progress is now possible only through a quest for universal consensus in the movement towards a new world order." Mikhail Gorbachev, in an address at the United Nations (December 1988)

"We believe we are creating the beginning of a new world order coming out of the collapse of the U.S.-Soviet antagonisms." Brent Scowcroft (August 1990), quoted in The Washington Post (May 1991)

"We can see beyond the present shadows of war in the Middle East to a new world order where the strong work together to deter and stop aggression. This was precisely Franklin Roosevelt's and Winston Churchill's vision for peace for the post-war period." Richard Gephardt, in The Wall Street Journal (September 1990)

"If we do not follow the dictates of our inner moral compass and stand up for human life, then his lawlessness will threaten the peace and democracy of the emerging new world order we now see, this long dreamed-of vision we've all worked toward for so long." President George Bush (January 1991)

"But it became clear as time went on that in Mr. Bush's mind the New World Order was founded on a convergence of goals and interests between the U.S. and the Soviet Union, so strong and permanent that they would work as a team through the U.N. Security Council." Excerpt from A. M. Rosenthal, in The New York Times (January 1991)

"I would support a Presidential candidate who pledged to take the following steps: ... At the end of the war in the Persian Gulf, press for a comprehensive Middle East settlement and for a 'new world order' based not on Pax Americana but on peace through law with a stronger U.N. and World Court." George McGovern, in The New York Times (February 199

"... it's Bush's baby, even if he shares its popularization with Gorbachev. Forget the Hitler 'new order' root; F.D.R. used the phrase earlier." William Safire, in The New York Times (February 1991)

"How I Learned to Love the New World Order" Article by Sen. Joseph R. Biden, Jr. in The Wall Street Journal (April 1992)

"How to Achieve The New World Order" Title of book excerpt by Henry Kissinger, in Time magazine (March 1994)

"The Final Act of the Uruguay Round, marking the conclusion of the most ambitious trade negotiation of our century, will give birth - in Morocco - to the World Trade Organization, the third pillar of the New World Order, along with the United Nations and the International Monetary Fund." Part of full-page advertisement by the government of Morocco in The New York Times (April 1994)

"New World Order: The Rise of the Region-State" Title of article by Kenichi Ohmae, political reform leader in Japan, in The Wall Street Journal (August 1994)

"The new world order that is in the making must focus on the creation of a world of democracy, peace and prosperity for all." Nelson Mandela, in The Philadelphia Inquirer (October 1994)

"The renewal of the nonproliferation treaty was described as important "for the welfare of the whole world and the new world order." President Hosni Mubarak of Egypt, in The New York Times (April 1995)

One World Order supporters....

"Single acts of tyranny may be ascribed to the accidental opinion of a day. But a series of oppressions, begun at a distinguished period, and pursued unalterably through every change of ministers (administrations), too plainly proves a deliberate systematic plan of reducing us to slavery." Thomas Jefferson

"...This regionalization is in keeping with the Tri-Lateral Plan which calls for a gradual convergence of East and West, ultimately leading toward the goal of "one world government'....National sovereignty is no longer a viable concept..." Zbigniew Brzezinski, National Security Advisor to President Jimmy Carter.

"It is the sacred principles enshrined in the United Nations charter to which the American people will henceforth pledge their allegiance." President George Bush addressing the General Assembly of the U.N., February 1,1992.

"...This program is the fixed, determined and approved policy of the government of the United States." Senator Joseph S. Clark speaking on the floor of the Senate, March 1, 1962, about PL 87-297 which calls for the disbanding of all armed forces and the prohibition of their re-establishment in any form whatsoever.

"Let me control a peoples currency and I care not who makes their laws..." Meyer Nathaniel Rothchild in a speech to a gathering of world bankers February 12, 1912.The following year, we subscribed to the "services" of the newly incorporated Federal Reserve, headed by Mr. Rothchild.

"By the end of this decade (2000 AD) we will live under the first One World Government that has ever existed in the society of nations ... a government with absolute authority to decide the basic issues of human survival. One world government is inevitable." Pope John Paul II quoted by Malachi Martin in the book "The Keys of This Blood"

"The New World Order is a world that has a supernational authority to regulate world commerce and industry; an international organization that would control the production and consumption of oil; an international currency that would replace the dollar; a World Development Fund that would make funds available to free and Communist nations alike; and an international police force to enforce the edicts of the New World Order." Former West German Chancellor, Willy Brandt, former chairman of the Fifth-Socialist International, who chaired the Brandt Commission in the late 1980s.

"We are on the verge of a global transformation. All we need is the right major crisis and the nations will accept the New World Order." David Rockefeller

"But this present window of opportunity, during which a truly peaceful and interdependent world order might be built, will not be open for long. Already there are powerful forces at work that threaten to destroy all of our hopes and efforts to erect an enduring structure of global interdependence." David Rockefeller, speaking at the Business Council for the United Nations, September 14, 1994.

"A colossal event is upon us, the birth of a New World Order." Brent Scowcroft, George Bush's National Security Advisor, said on the eve of the Gulf War.

"The Persian Gulf crisis is a rare opportunity to forge new bonds with old enemies (the Soviet Union)...Out of these troubled times a New World Order can emerge under a United Nations that performs as envisioned by its founders." President George Bush, September 11, 1990.

"The world can therefore seize the opportunity (the Persian Gulf crisis) to fulfill the long held promise of a New World Order where diverse nations are drawn together in common cause to achieve the universal aspirations of mankind." President George Bush in his State of the Union Address, January 29, 1991.

"NAFTA is a major stepping stone to the New World Order." Henry Kissinger when campaigning for the passage of NAFTA.

"Further global progress is now possible only through a quest for universal consensus in the movement towards a new world order." Mikhail Gorbachev, in an address at the United Nations, December 1988.

"We are not going to achieve a new world order without paying for it in blood as well as in words and money." Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., in "Foreign Affairs," July/August 1995.

"...In short, the 'house of world order' will have to be built from the bottom up rather than from the top down. It will look like a great 'booming, buzzing confusion,' to use William James' famous description of reality, but an end run around national sovereignty, eroding it piece by piece, will accomplish much more than the old-fashioned frontal assault." Richard N. Gardner, in "Foreign Affairs," April 1974.

"... when the struggle seems to be drifting definitely towards a world social democracy, there may still be very great delays and disappointments before it becomes an efficient and beneficent world system. Countless people - will hate the new world order - and will die protesting against it. When we attempt to evaluate its promise, we have to bear in mind the distress of a generation or so of malcontents, many of them quite gallant and graceful-looking people." H. G. Wells, in his book entitled "The New World Order" (1939).

"Our task of creating a socialist America can only succeed when those who would resist us have been totally disarmed." Sara Brady, Chairman, Handgun Control, to Sen. Howard Metzenbaum, The National Educator, January 1994, Page 3.

"When we got organized as a country and we wrote a fairly radical Constitution with a radical Bill of Rights, giving a radical amount of individual freedom to Americans... and so a lot of people say there's too much personal freedom. When personal freedom's being abused, you have to move to limit it. That's what we did in the announcement I made last weekend on the public housing projects, about how we're going to have weapon sweeps and more things like that to try to make people safer in their communities." President Bill Clinton, 3-22-94, MTV's "Enough is Enough"

"We can't be so fixated on our desire to preserve the rights of ordinary Americans..." Bill Clinton (USA TODAY, 11 March 1993, page 2A)

"Whatever the price of the Chinese Revolution, it has obviously succeeded not only in producing more efficient and dedicated administration, but also in fostering high morale and community of purpose. The social experiment in China under Chairman Mao's leadership is one of the most important and successful in human history." David Rockefeller, statement in 1973 about Mao Tse-tung: (NY Times 8-10-73)

"You need only reflect that one of the best ways to get yourself a reputation as a dangerous citizen these days is to go about repeating the very phrases which our founding fathers used in the great struggle for independence." Charles Austin Beard (1874-1948)

"War to the hilt between communism and capitalism is inevitable. Today, of course, we are not strong enough to attack. Our time will come in thirty or forty years. To win, we shall need the element of surprise. The Western world will need to be put to sleep. So we shall begin by launching the most spectacular peace movement on record. There shall be electrifying overtures and unheard of concessions. The capitalist countries, stupid and decadent, will rejoice to cooperate to their own destruction. They will leap at another chance to be friends. As soon as their guard is down, we shall smash them with our clenched fist." Dmitrii Z. Manuilskii (Lenin School of Political Warfare, Moscow, 1931)

"There is no reason for anyone in this country, anyone except a police officer or a military person, to buy, to own, to have, to use a handgun....And the only way to do that is to change the Constitution." Michael Gartner, 1992 in USA Today

"The second article of amendment to the Constitution of the United States is repealed." H. J. Res. 438Introduced by Rep. Major Owens, 1992

Vice President Al Gore as he traveled to Marrakech, Morocco, in April for the signing of the new world trade agreement. Gore appeared hours after U.S. planes enforcing an allied 'no fly' zone over northern Iraq accidentally shot down two U.S. helicopters, killing 15 Americans and 11 foreign officials. 'I want to extend condolences,' Gore said, 'to the families of those who died in the service of the United Nations.'" (Los Angeles Times, 6/12/94)

"There is nothing wrong with the planet. The planet is fine . . . been here 4 1/2 billion years. We've been here, what, a 100,000 years, maybe 200,000. And we've only been engaged in heavy industry a little over 200 years. 200 years versus 4 1/2 billion. And we have the conceit to think that somehow we're a threat? The planet isn't going away. We are." George Carlin

"To compel a man to furnish contributions of money for the propagation of opinions which he disbelieves and abhors is sinful and tyrannical." Thomas Jefferson

"The urge to save humanity is almost always a false front for the urge to rule." H. L. Mencken

"Nuclear power must be dealt with irrationally. . . . Nuclear plants are carcinogens. Let's get that story out. . . . Their lies will catch up to them. We need endless Chernobyl reminders." Ralph Nader

Cannibalism is a "radical but realistic solution to the problem of overpopulation." Lyall Watson, The Financial Times, 15 July 1995

"'Protecting the Environment' is a ruse. The goal is the political and economic subjugation of most men by the few, under the guise of preserving nature." J. H. Robbins

"...the only hope for the world is to make sure there is not another United States: We can't let other countries have the same number of cars, the amount of industrialization, we have in the U.S. We have to stop these Third World countries right where they are. And it is important to the rest of the world to make sure that they don't suffer economically by virtue of our stopping them." Michael Oppenheimer, Environmental Defense Fund

"The necessary consequence of an egalitarian program is the decidedly inegalitarian creation of a ruthless power elite." M. N. Rothbard

Global Sustainability requires: "the deliberate quest of poverty . . . reduced resource consumption . . . and set levels of mortality control." Professor Maurice King

"Allowing the EPA to condone continued use of a chemical whenever the benefits outweighs the risks is absolutely anathema to the environmental community." Janet Hathaway, Natural Resources Defense Council

The Environmentalist's Dream is an Egalitarian Society based on: rejection of economic growth, a smaller population, eating lower on the food chain, consuming a lot less, and sharing a much lower level of resources much more equally. Aaron Wildavsky

"A global climate treaty must be implemented even if there is no scientific evidence to back the greenhouse effect." Richard Benedict, State Dept. employee working on assignment from the Conservation Foundation

"Giving society cheap, abundant energy . . . would be the equivalent o f giving an idiot child a machine gun." Paul Ehrlich, Stanford University

"The secret to David McTaggart's (early officer in Greanpeace) success is the secret to Greenpeace's success: It doesn't matter what is true . . . . it only matters what people believe is true . . . . You are what the media define you to be. [Greenpeace] became a myth, and a myth-generating machine." Paul Watson, co-founder of Greenpeace

". . . a year is about one-fifth of the time we have left if we are going to preserve any kind of quality in our world." Garrett de Bell (1970)

"The historical experience of socialist countries has sadly demonstrated that collectivism does not do away with alienation but rather increases it, adding to it a lack of basic necessities and economic inefficiency." Pope John Paul I

"The move toward cotnrolling less and less pollution at greater and greater expense -- until you are spending everything to control nothing -- is one of the big water quality problems we are facing in the future." Ernest Rosenberg

"Complex technology of any sort is an assault on human dignity. It would be little short of disastrous for us to discover the source of clean, cheap, abundant energy, because of what we might do with it." Amory Lovins, Rocky Mountain Institute

". . . the Planning Commission must say 'no' to development . . . Austin, Texas, is showing us about land use . . . . " Judge Armstrong, Kentucky County

"It is easy to be conspicuously 'compassionate' if others are being forced to pay the cost." M. N. Rothbard

"Human beings, as a species, have no more value than slugs." John Davis, editor of Earth First! Journal

"We've got to ride the global warming issue. Even if the theory of global warming is wrong, we will be doing the right thing -- in terms of economic policy and environmental policy." Timothy Wirth, former U.S. Senator (D-Colorado)

"We must make this an insecure and inhospitable place for capitalists and their projects . . . We must reclaim the roads and plowed land, halt dam construction, tear down existing dams, free shackled rivers and return to wilderness millions of tens of millions of acres of presently settled land." David Foreman, Earth First!

". . . There is no such thing in America as an independent press . . . We are the tools and vassals for rich men behind the scenes . . . Our talents, our possibilities and our lives are all the property of other men. We are intellectual prostitutes." John Swinton, former New York Times Chief of Staff

"We have the opportunity to avoid choices like nuclear power which will come back to haunt us 30 years from now." Russell Peterson, National Audobon Society President

". . . The collective needs of non-human species must take precedence over the needs and desires of humans." Dr. Reed F. Noss, The Wildlands Project

"One-fourth of humanity must be eliminated from the social body. We are in charge of God's selection process for planet earth. He selects, we destroy. We are the riders of the pale horse, Death." Psychologist Barbara Marx Hubbard - member and futurist/strategist of Task Force Delta; a United States Army think tank. The Population Control Agenda.The Timeline

". . . as radical environmentalists, we can see AIDS not as a problem, but as a necessary solution." Miss Ann Thropy (pseudonym), Earth First! Journal

"The extinction of the human species may not only be inevitable but a good thing . . . This is not to say that the rise of human civilization is insignificant, but there is no way of showing that it will be much help to the world in the long run." Economist editorial

"I suspect that the politicians and businessmen who are jumping on the environment bandwagon don't have the slightest idea of what they are getting into. They are talking about emission control devices on automobiles, while we are talking about bans on automobiles." Dennis Hayes, Earth Day Agenda (1970)

"The invention of the concept of sustainable human development and that of so-called human security, as opposed to territorial security of nation- states, and its promotion by the UN is in clear contradiction to all that we, the Group of 77, and the UN Charter itself consider inalienable, namely national sovereignty and security." Pranab Mukherjee, India's Minister of Commerce, Earth Times, 15 October 1994

"It's (the prospect of cheap fusion energy) the worst thing that could happen to the planet." Jeremy Rifkin

"No case for expensive policies for safeguarding species can be made without more extensive analysis." Endangered Species Blueprint, National Wilderness Institute

"The whole aim of practical politics is to keep the populace alarmed -- and hence clamorous to be led to safety -- by menacing it with an endless series of hobgoblins, all of them imaginary." H. L. Mencken

"If I were reincarnated, I would wish to be returned to Earth as a killer virus to lower human population levels." Prince Phillip, World Wildlife Fund

"They want timid, helpless people who are anxious to get in touch with their inner child, enter twelve-step programs, and run to the government with every little problem." Clark Stooksbury

". . . Our production and consumption is not sustainable . . . Agenda 21 is to be implemented . . . The Texas Sustainable Energy Development Council will develop the Texas Plan . . . The money will come from milking the utilities and redirecting oil overcharge funds . . . . " Commissioner Karl Rabago, Texas Public Utilities Commission

"Isn't the only hope for the planet that the industrialized civilizations collapse? Isn't it our responsibility to bring that about?" Maurice Strong, Head of the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro

"Behind the honeyed but patently absurd pleas for equality is a ruthless drive for placing 'the new elite' at the top of a new hierachy of power." M. N. Rothbard

"Pure guesswork has become the basis of a forecast that has been published in newspapers to be read and understood as a scientific statement." Endangered Species Blueprint, National Wilderness Institute

"Christianity is our foe. If animal rights is to succeed, we must destroy the Judeo-Christian Religious tradition." Peter Singer, the "Father of Animal Rights"

"The American people will never knowingly adopt socialism. But, under the name of 'liberalism,' they will adopt every fragment of the socialist program, until one day America will be a socialist nation, without knowing how it happened." Norman Thomas, former U.S. Socialist Presidential Candidate

"In order to stabilize world population, we must eliminate 350,000 per day." Dr. Jacques Cousteau

"I suspect that eradicating small pox was wrong. It played an important part in balancing ecosystems." John Davis, editor of Earth First! Journal

"Measured on virtually any scale, the world is in worse shape than it was 20 years ago." Dennis Hayes, Chairman of Earth Day 1990

"The world has cancer, and the cancer is man." A. Gregg, Mankind at the Turning Point

"People are the cause of all the problems; we have too many of them; we need to get rid of some of them, and this (ban of DDT) is as good a way as any." Charles Wurster, Environmental Defense Fund

"This is a political game. It has nothing to do with science. It has nothing to do with health and safety." Sherry Neddick, Greenpeace

"Free Enterprise really means rich people get richer. They have the freedom to exploit and psychologically rape their fellow human beings in the process . . . Capitalism is destroying the earth." Helen Caldicott, Union of Concerned Scientists

"The system of private property is the most important guaranty to freedom, not only for those who own property, but scarcely less for those who do not. It is only because of the control of the means of production is divided among many people acting independently that no one has complete power over us, that we as individuals can decide what we do for ourselves." Friedrich A. Hayck

"The only proper purpose of a government is to protect man's rights . . ." Ayn Rand

"We reject the idea of private property." Peter Berle, President of the National Audobon Society

"Only the State obtains its revenue by coercion." Murray Rothbard

"No government knows any limits to its power except the endurance of the people." Lysander Spooner

"The real culprits are those who created a system that makes it dangerous to work and safe to loaf." Thomas Sowell

"The three branches of government . . . are not, in any sense, 'branches' since that would imply that there is something they are all attached to besides self-aggrandizement and our pocketbooks." P. J. O'Rourke

Making prediction always surprises us.

Dear Stanley Wilkin,

your phrase "I definitely can see that happening made already by China's economic plans and ambitions" contains a hidden meaning that I'm trying to understand correctly. Please give a more detailed interpretation of the meaning of this phrase, in order to understand correctly before responding to you later. Maybe video https://www.ted.com/talks/eric_x_li_a_tale_of_two_political_systems/transcript?language=en would help to correctly understand your words about "China's economic plans and ambitions". As for today's trade war between the US and China, it was the US that unleashed this war, and China only defends itself as best it can to defend its national interests and nothing more. Is not it?

The fact is there is too little room for a "pure" supranational orders due to the binding global regulative space. For example EU formally posses an exclusive authority in the issues of trade policy but it is also bind with the WTO rules and schedule of commitments.

Three different questions are posed:

The scenario of a supranational world order is perfectly plausible. Reliable reports indicate that the U.S. and Russia cooperate closely with each other and with other supposed rivals, including China, in relation to major space projects. I am not aware of any compelling reason to believe that a supranational world order does not already exist.

It would appear that the world presently is substantially ordered by five to ten supranational players, not including all of those noted in the question. This appearance may mask quite a different reality (see above). It seems possible that present appearances could persist for several more decades.

A general trend towards dissolution of supranational entities into non-federated nation states is improbable because powerful economic and military factors favor supranational entities. Smaller-scale and less diverse supranational entities (such as the Swiss Confederation, comprising 26 Cantons and spanning 4 languages; last completed membership change in 1979) tend to be relatively stable compared to larger-scale and more diverse supranational entities (such as the European Union, comprising 28 Member States and spanning 24 languages; last completed membership change in 2013). Yet supranational organization will remain the rule. To mention a prominent example, following the dissolution of the U.S.S.R., most of the constituent nations regrouped on different terms in the form of the Russian Federation.

Let me perhaps clarify. The EU is not a supranational organization, nor is ASEAN. I think it is more representative of regional integration. Why do states choose to enter into agreements or memberships in organizations that would compromise or erode their individual sovereignty? The first answer would be cooperation or some form of interdependence. I think they do so of regional integration in the neofunctionalist sense. That there is a growing interdependence (economic, cultural and trade), the increasing ability to resolve international disputes with legal regimes, and regional market rules. The EU was formerly the European Coal and Steel Community. Further, states resist the idea of supranational institutions. Explicit language in the UN Charter, Article 2(7) guarantees individual sovereignty and the limits of international jurisdiction. ASEAN has similar language in the principle of non-interference.

Dear Mark,

Your clarification of the term "supranational organization" leaves me wondering what criteria you are applying. I'll illustrate with a European example.

Each of the European Union, the Federal Republic of Germany and the Free State of Bavaria is a sovereign entity, within prescribed limits. Each of them has a constitution and maintains a parliament. The Federal Republic of Germany is legally permitted to secede from the European Union; but (according to a recent decision of the German Federal Constitutional Court) the the Free State of Bavaria is not legally permitted to secede from the Federal Republic of Germany.

Of the three, only the European Union and the Federal Republic of Germany presently are represented at the United Nations.

The Free State of Bavaria was a member of the historical Prussian-led customs union which played a significant role in the unification of Germany, rather like Germany was a member of the historical European Coal and Steel Community which played a significant role in the unification of Europe.

As I understand it, you would classify the Federal Republic of Germany but not the European Union as a supranational entity.

Which criterion or criteria do you say bar the European Union from the category "supranational entity"?

I actually misspoke when I said "not a supranational organization." I was in a hurry and wasn't clear enough. Apologies. I meant to say it is more an example of regional integration than an supranational entity, partly because it may be the only one of its kind. Most people concur that a supranational entity is a confederation of states. However, the EEC and the EU have been the only entity that fits this description. I describe it as regional integration because it more closely fits the Haas criteria for integration. Systems of governance and legal regimes often take the place of national ones, not because of sovereignty issues, but because national bodies are often too slow to respond to the speed of integration. Even in the EU, though, there are limits to supranational authority. The UK decision to leave the EU is a reminder of this. Supranational institutions can only function when member states agree to the sovereignty limit. In some cases, the binding nature of the agreement or the weight of international norms keep the order intact. The rise of nationalism, the reclamation of national interests, and nativism have damaged the cohesion of the international liberal order. The EU, because of the UK and Hungary, is weaker than ever.

agree with @ Beemnet Mengesha Kassahun

regards

Agree with Dickson Adom

regards

Mark, as far as I can see, the European Union is not sui generis.

Also the African Union, though less institutionally developed, is a confederation of States comprising confederated States (including Comoros, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Somalia, South Sudan and Sudan).

It seems to me that many confederated States, apparently including tiny Saint Kitts and Nevis, fit the Haas criteria.

Do I miss something?

I don't know about that. I think most scholars would argue that the EU is sui generis. It is a hybrid unlike any other international organization. It crosses the boundaries between a traditional confederation of states and a federation. It is different from the IR realm of international or supranational organizations. The traditional definition of an international organization a formal organization established by sovereign states. The EU fits that description. It is also an international regime and has the characteristics of a state, but without a coherent, independent foreign policy of a state. How do you get 28 states to agree on a common direction? Others have suggested that the EU is in a state of flux, but has not yet acquired the full features of a state.

I think I see what you mean.

Of course, that would mean that also the African Union is sui generis, based on its particular evolutionary path, which seems unlikely closely to track that of the European Union.

Returning to Markus Pausch's question, "in some decades" it it may be understood either that the AU and EU belong to the same broad Haasian category or else that the AU and EU are substantially distinct.

Note that the demographics in t + 30 years are likely to reveal the AU as a powerhouse and the EU as an old folks' home.

That is likely to be the case. By 2050, Africa will have the youngest population on the planet, while most of Europe and East Asia will be facing aging populations and massive social service demands. Africa surely will benefit from this massive demographic dividend. There is a lovely book on the subject: Africa's Population: In Search of a Demographic Dividend, published by Springer.

Fine question Markus. The calculus of dynamical systems offers us good insight. If the supra-entities remain strong, the space will be susceptible to significant influence by the smaller states. So, the smaller states should not despair but attempt to define their policy spaces in an incremental and reflexive way. See Preprint Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) in Africa: Harking the Holonomic

Regional integration will occur as long as there are commonalities that exist between states and nations. I in particular mention states and nations with regard to areas where I feel the natural evolution of states was not left to occur. In such instances, states that have similar history will tend to coalesce towards mutual alliances.