The causes of renal stones are multifactorial. Increased concentration of oxalate, calcium, uric acid, or cysteine is the cause of different type of stones. Dehydration can precipitate the stone formation in the susceptible individuals.

For a review have a look at this article:

Article Kidney Stone Disease: An Update on Current Concepts

Please see the link below.

https://www.scielo.br/pdf/abem/v50n4/31883.pdf

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Water intake, high calcium, and potassium intake, and low sodium are preventive measures

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Unfortunately. I'm having stones in both kidneys (4 in left kidney of less than 5 mm and 2 in right kidney in which 1 is greater than 11 mm that is in the ureter tube and creating problem) and right now I'm admitted in hospital for laser operation.

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Take more and more water. Be healthy

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The formation of kidney stones mostly in the presence of hereditary genes makes the body more susceptible to the formation of stones, indicating that they are sometimes due to the wrong eating habits. Calcium and vitamin D, or excessive consumption of milk, also lead to stone formation.

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Urinary pH is a major determinant for kidney stone formation. Supersaturation of calcium phosphate increases rapidly as urine pH rises above 6. The prevalence of calcium phosphate stones has increased recently and urinary conditions that favor the formation of these stones are the combination of hypercalciuria and hypocitraturia in alkaline urine.

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Calcium Oxalate Stones. The most common type of kidney stone is a calcium oxalate stone.

Kidney stones are solid masses that form in the kidney when there are high levels of calcium, oxalate, cystine, or phosphate and too little liquid.

Calcium stones form when urine is supersaturated with the constituent ions that comprise the stone. Hence, supersaturation with calcium and oxalate ions will promote the formation of calcium oxalate stones. Supersaturation of urine with calcium and phosphate ions will promote the formation of calcium phosphate stones.

While uric acid stones have been consistently associated with metabolic syndrome, calcium oxalate kidney stones have had more variable associations with the metabolic syndrome components ]. Although a variety of underlying diseases can lead to calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis, most cases are idiopathic and are associated with Randall’s plaques .

Mechanism of calcium oxalate renal stone formation and renaltubular cell injury

Article Mechanism of calcium oxalate renal stone formation and renal...

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A kidney stone is formed when a small speck of a mineral that circulated in urine is deposited in a kidney or the ureter, a conduit that connects the kidney to the bladder. Other minerals will clump together in the small grain which will increase in volume and take on a stony consistency over time.

There are 4 main types of kidney stones, and their classification is based on the chemicals that make them up: calcium salts (calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, a mixture of calcium oxalate and phosphate calcium), ammoniacomagnesium phosphates (struvite), uric acid or cystine. It happens, but rarely, that certain drugs cause stones after solidifying into crystals in the urine. Kidney stones are most commonly made up of calcium oxalate that occurs naturally in the urine.

Kidney stones don't all result from one and the same cause, but dehydration is a key risk factor. Kidney stones can also be caused by an imbalance in metabolism which results in abnormally high concentrations of mineral salts that accumulate in the urine.

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Anyone can get a kidney stone, but some people are more likely than others to have them. Men get kidney stones more often than women do. Kidney stones are also more common in non-Hispanic white people than in people of other ethnicities. You may also be more likely to have kidney stones if:

You have had kidney stones before.

Someone in your family has had kidney stones.

You don’t drink enough water.

You follow a diet high in protein, sodium and/or sugar.

You are overweight or obese.

You have had gastric bypass surgery or another intestinal surgery.

You have polycystic kidney disease or another cystic kidney disease.

You have a certain condition that causes your urine to contain high levels of cystine, oxalate, uric acid or calcium.

You have a condition that causes swelling or irritation in your bowel or your joints.

You take certain medicines, such as diuretics (water pills) or calcium-based antacids.

Follow.

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Fluoride intake increases the risk of growing Fluoride-doped Hydroxyapatite Kidney stones like this one. Crystals of this material can grow throughout the body, including Arteries, Heart Valves, Cataracts, Thyroid, Synovial Fluid, and muscle.

The main reason of the formation of these stones is the consumption of insufficient amounts of drinks and the chimical composition of these drinks (riches en calcium)!

Congenital anomalies, stagnation of urine, urinary tract infections, and high concentration of oxalates, phosphate, and uric acid

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It is, of course, to drink enough water 2.5 Liters per day is one the causes what about the food components consuming by an individual. The type of food that we are consuming also matters to decide for Kidney stone formation. The matters is that one should take care of drinking enough + dietary items which will dilute the acidic formation of the kidney stones. Some of the fibrous food will dilute the kidney stones. Regards

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Use of any medicine or food that has impacts on hormone system, cause kidney stone.

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Kidney stones form when your urine contains more crystal-forming substances — such as calcium, oxalate and uric acid — than the fluid in your urine can dilute. At the same time, your urine may lack substances that prevent crystals from sticking together, creating an ideal environment for kidney stones to form.

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kidney-stones/symptoms-causes/syc-20355755#:~:text=Kidney%20stones%20form%20when%20your,for%20kidney%20stones%20to%20form.

Rasha Majid Abd Ulameer Alhumairi

Some people are more likely than others to have them. Men get kidney stones more often than women do. Kidney stones are also more common in non-Hispanic white people than in people of other ethnicities.

https://www.kidneyfund.org/kidney-disease/kidney-problems/kidney-stones/

food or Lack of drinking water or

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Please follow the link below:

Article Kidney Stone Disease: An Update on Current Concepts

Article Renal stone disease: Causes, evaluation and medical treatment

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Less hydration and stress along with altered food habits paves the way to renal stones in recent days.

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Some GIT disorders may also predispose to renal stones

High urine osmolarity can lead to kidney stones

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Rasha Majid Abd Ulameer Alhumairi

A kidney stone can be as a grain of sand passes it in one’s pee without ever knowing. Maybe a bigger one can block the urine flow and hurt a lot. It will occur from many causes as follows;

1. Lack of drinking water: Generally, people should drink cleaned water at least eight cups per day, that pee look bright yellow

2. Diet: people should limit high-oxalate foods because of kidney stone formation. Examples include Spinach, Rhubarb, Grits, and Bran cereal.

3. Sodium: People reduce the chances of getting several types of kidney stones from salty snacks, canned foods, packaged meats, and other processed foods.

4. Animal Protein raises the higher calcium level and the lower citrate level in urine, which encourage kidney stone.

5. Bowel Problems can make less pee, and then the body probably absorbs more oxalate from the intestine to the urine.

6. Obesity is almost twice as likely to get a kidney stone if people are obese. Notably, type 2 diabetes can make the urine more acidic, which encourages stones.

7. Weight loss operation has an increased risk of stones. Only one causes malabsorption from weight loss surgery risk.

8. Certain genetic diseases are medullary sponge kidney, a congenital disability that causes cysts to form in the kidneys.

9. Gout makes acid in the blood and form kidney stones can become large and very painful.

10. Hyperparathyroidism: Because of parathyroid glands can pump out too many hormones, which increases the higher level of calcium in the blood and urine.

11. Medications that can cause stones such as Cantibiotics, ciprofloxacin, sulfa antibiotics, some drugs to treat HIV and AIDS, and certain diuretics used to treat high blood pressure.

Refer to the parts of WebMD Medical Reference Reviewed by Minesh Khatri, MD on September 15, 2019

A kidney stone forms due to deposition of blood contain most of calcium stone. the fluid therapy is using to dissolve stone or flush from the Urinary tract. Thats also called hydration therapy and its effective to minor kidney stone.

Some of the renal stones are formed in alkaline urine, others in acidic, renal stones may be radio-opaque or radiolucent

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The answers given by the researchers are all shared. Also keep in mind the existence of genetic factors that predispose to the disease.

Please consider the dehydration from perspiratio insensibilis , and the possibility of calcium-based stones.

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Dehydration, innate kidney diseases and errors of metabolism may result in renal stone or nephrolithiasis.

Diet is critical...no diary, but coconut based drinks and frozen desserts like

Coconut Bliss are healing. I know, as before my new diet, I had a kidney stone.

It was the most severe pain that I have ever had. This is what is said, and it's the

truth. And, drink lots of water, which my lovely wife insists upon...it works.

Excellent

Excellent

The most common type of kidney stone is calcium oxalate stone. Most kidney stones are formed when oxalate, a by-product of certain foods, binds to calcium as urine is being made by the kidneys. Both oxalate and calcium are increased when the body doesn't have enough fluids and also has too much salt.

Really unknown but dehydration and high blood levels of calcium, uric acid and oxalate etc.