Hi, biomarkers for early-stage breast cancer include estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2. ... The overexpression (by IHC) or amplification (by FISH) of HER2 is an indicator of likelihood of response to anti-HER2 therapies.
There is a truly enormous catalogue of prognostic biomarkers that exist in the literature. How many of these retain significance in multi-variate analysis is unknown. The traditional prognostic markers are tumour stage (ie size and number of involved lymph nodes) and tumour grade. These work surprisingly well when combined in the rather crude Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI). Molecular biomarkers replace or supplement grade but stage must never be forgotten.
In relation to molecular markers, other responders have mentioned clinically important markers. ER (and PgR) predict sensitivity to anti-oestrogen whilst HER2 amplification predicts sensitivity to HER2-targeted therapy and conversely their absence very reliably indicates a lack of sensitivity to the treatment. There are also a number of multi-gene tests (MammaPrint, Oncotype DX, Breast Cancer Index (BCI), Prosigna/ PAM50, Endopredict, IHC4, and others) that work by combining gene expression data for between 4 and 70 genes and outperform grade. All include measures of steroid hormone receptor signalling, HER2 and proliferation. These tests are primarily used for ER-positive breast cancer. Although all of these tests give about the same amount of information (measured by AUC), they do disagree about individual tumours, perhaps reflecting the different way in which they have been developed. The tests that also include stage information (e.g. Prosigna, Endopredict) are the most reliable.
Gene mutations are surprisingly infrequent in primary breast cancer but are important in "genetic" breast cancer where there is an inherited risk from defective DNA repair involving BRCA1/2, PALB2 etc.
The best biomarkers which determine the progmnodid are ER receptor Nd Progesterone receptor assay and HER2new receptor, ki 67and and histopathological types of the tumor ,differentiation of tumor and grafing of the tumor ,