Control in biological systems

I think "Control in biological systems" is one of the new trends.

Biological, complex and open-loop control are definitely an interesting area, not sure that it is a trend, maybe it should be one.

Thank you, Owen for your answer.

Intelligent controllers

Hi,I'm very interested in the nuclear reactor control system based on adaptive control

Adaptive control is definitely an increasing trend.

Sliding mode control and fractional order control are even high up. System identification of fractional is even naive.

Reinforcement learning-based control.....

I'm very interested in swarm controller and Cloud computing .....

(1) For academic control community,

ACC 2012 Plenary and Semi-Plenary Lectures

Plenary: Accomplishments and Prospects of Control

Abstract: There are many success stories and major achievements in control, something remarkable for a field as young as 50 years. In this talk we will sample these accomplishments and speculate about the future prospects of control. While there are examples of feedback from ancient times, extensive use of feedback paralleled industrialization: steam, electricity, communication, transportation etc. Control was established as a field in the period 1940-1960, when the similarities of control in widely different fields were recognized. Control constituted a paradigm shift in engineering that cut across the traditional engineering disciplines: mechanical, electrical, chemical, aerospace. A holistic view of control systems with a unified theory emerged in the 1950s, triggered by military efforts during the Second World War. The International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC) was formed in 1956. Education in control spread rapidly to practically all engineering disciplines. Conferences and journals also appeared. A second phase, driven by the space race and the emergence of computers, started around 1960. Theory developed dramatically as did industrial applications. A large number of sub-specialties appeared and perhaps due to this, the holistic view of the field was lost. In my opinion we are now entering a third phase driven by the ubiquitous use of control and a strong interest in feedback and control among fellow scientists in physics and biology. There are also new areas driven by networked systems, autonomy and safe design of large complex systems. What will happen next depends largely on how we respond to the new challenges and on how we manage to recapture the holistic view of systems. Key issues will be education and interaction with other disciplines.

Semi-Plenary Lectures also discuss promising research topics.

http://a2c2.org/conferences/acc2012/plenary.php

8 wonderful presentations in control symposium "Paths Ahead in the Science of Information and Decision Systems", Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), USA, November 12 – 14, 2009.

http://paths.lids.mit.edu/papers_mitter.html

Panel on Future Directions in Control, Dynamics, and Systems, Richard M. Murray (chair), California Institute of Technology, April 2002

http://www.cds.caltech.edu/~murray/cdspanel/

R. Murray, K. Astrom, S. Boyd, R. Brockett, and G. Stein, "Future Directions in Control in an Information-Rich World," IEEE Control Systems Magazine, 23(2), April 2003, pp.20-33.

http://www.stanford.edu/~boyd/papers/cds_panel.html

Currently US National Science Foundation (NSF) funding support emphasizes the real-life applications and/or industry needs instead of pure theoretical work in control.

"The Control Systems (CS) program supports fundamental research on control theory and control technology driven by real life applications. .... that are motivated and derived from real-life applications and/or industry needs."

http://www.nsf.gov/funding/pgm_summ.jsp?pims_id=13575

To celebrate the golden anniversary, IFAC Automatica has published in the 50th volume throughout the year 2014, special survey/overview papers, on selected topics, some tracing the history on some mature topics and areas, others focusing on newly emerging areas, with forecasts into the future. The survey paper published by the 1st issue provides an overview of the developments in the control field from its early days.

K.J. Astrom and P.R. Kumar, "Control: A Perspective," Automatica, 50(1), January 2014, pp. 3-43.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005109813005037

(2) For industrial control community,

Only PID Control and Smith Predictor were listed in the “Leaders of the Pack” InTech’s 50 most influential industry innovators since 1774. Available from the following link.

http://archive.today/2RoSK

PID Control was listed twice (the dominant control method in the industrial applications) -- (1) John G. Ziegler and Nathaniel B. Nichols and classical PID Control; (2) Karl Johan Åström and modern PID Control (IEEE Medal of Honor, 1993)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_Medal_of_Honor

The next popular method is Smith Predictor: Otto J.M. Smith and Smith Predictor.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_J._M._Smith

A typical PID tuning procedure: (1) Use relay control to estimate the control model (or control plant); (2) Use Z-N formula to initialize Kp and Ki; (3) use trial and error to adjust Kp and Ki or other method such as iterative feedback tuning (IFT), internal model control (IMC), etc.

 H. Hjalmarsson was elected to the Class of 2013 IEEE fellow due to his fundamental contribution to iterative feedback tuning. The key contribution of IFT is tuning controller parameters for those control model (or control plant) whose parameters are difficult to be identified relatively accurately, in other words, iterative feedback tuning was proposed to minimize a given quadratic cost function of the system output error and control effort, thus solving the controller tuning issues caused by plant uncertainty.

H. Hjalmarsson, M. Gevers, S. Gunnarsson, and O. Lequin, "Iterative feedback tuning: theory and applications," IEEE Control Systems Magazine, vol.18, no.4, Aug 1998, pp .26-41,

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=710876

By cooperating with his peer researchers including Stanford University researcher, H. Hjalmarsson integrated iterative feedback tuning with PID controller to solve controller tuning issues caused by plant uncertainty.

[HHHHD03] WK Ho, Y Hong, A Hansson, H Hjalmarsson, and JW Deng, "Relay auto-tuning of PID controllers using iterative feedback tuning," Automatica 39 (1), January 2003, pp. 149-157. Available in the following RG Link.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/223504459_Relay_auto-tuning_of_PID_controllers_using_iterative_feedback_tuning

The paper [SLY17] extends iterative feedback tuning PID controller proposed by [HHHHD03] to enhance the handling and stability performance of an in-wheel motor-driven electric vehicle.

[SLY17] Y. Shi, Q. Liu, and F. Yu, "Design of an Adaptive FO-PID Controller for an In-Wheel-Motor Driven Electric Vehicle," SAE  International Journal of Commercial Vehicles, 10(1), March 2017, pp. 265-274.

http://papers.sae.org/2017-01-0427/

W.K. Ho, T.H. Lee, H.P. Han, and Y. Hong, "Self-Tuning IMC-PID Control with Interval Gain and Phase Margin Assignment," IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, 9(3), May 2001, pp. 535-541. Available in the following RG Link.

H. Nyquist (Sweden) --> K.J. Astrom (Sweden) --> W.K. Ho (Sweden)

     | Nyquist plot (published in 1932)

     |  Bell Labs

    V  Bode plot (published in 1940)

H.W. Bode (Harvard) --> K.S. Narendra (Harvard, Yale) --> T.H. Lee (Yale)

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/3332273_Self-tuning_IMC-PID_control_with_interval_gain_and_phase_marginsassignment?ev=prf_pub

C.C. Hang, K.J. Astrom, and W.K. Ho, "Refinements of the Ziegler-Nichols tuning formula," IEE Proceedings on Control Theory and Applications, 138(2), March 1991, pp.111-118.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=67610

This paper and selected classic PID tuning methods (co-invented by K.J. Astrom and his student W.K. Ho) have been implemented by Maplesoft Inc. for MapleSim Control Design Toolbox  http://www.maplesoft.com/support/help/MapleSim/view.aspx?path=ControlDesign/GainPhaseMargin

K.J. Åström, T. Hägglund, C.C. Hang, and W.K. Ho, "Automatic tuning and adaptation for PID controllers - a survey," Control Engineering Practice, 1(4), August 1993, pp.699-714.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/096706619391394C

K.J. Åström, C.C. Hang, P. Persson, and W.K. Ho, "Towards intelligent PID control," Automatica, 28(1), January 1992, pp.1-9.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/000510989290002W

Control theorectic approaches have been applied to model the interactions between an overloaded SIP server and its upstream servers as a feedback control system in two different scenarios - round trip delay control (IEEE ICC 2011) and redundant retransmission ratio control (IEEE Globecom 2010).

Round-Trip Delay Control (RTDC, implicit SIP overload control) algorithm: Y. Hong, C. Huang, and J. Yan, "Design Of A PI Rate Controller For Mitigating SIP Overload," Proceedings of IEEE ICC, Kyoto, Japan, June 2011.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/224249824_Design_of_a_PI_Rate_Controller_for_Mitigating_SIP_Overload

RTDC implicit SIP overload control algorithm has been recommended as White Paper by TechRepublic (CBS Interactive)

http://www.techrepublic.com/whitepapers/design-of-a-pi-rate-controller-for-mitigating-sip-overload/25142469

IEEE ICC 2011 presentation slides for RTDC implicit SIP overload control can be downloaded from the following RG link.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257945199_Round-Trip_Delay_Control_(RTDC)_For_Mitigating_SIP_Overload_(IEEE_ICC_2011_Slides)

Redundant Retransmission Ratio Control (RRRC, implicit SIP overload control) algorithm: Y. Hong, C. Huang, and J. Yan, "Mitigating SIP Overload Using a Control-Theoretic Approach," Proceedings of IEEE Globecom, Miami, FL, U.S.A, December 2010.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221284946_Miigating_SIP_Overload_Using_a_Control-Theoretic_Approach

RRRC implicit SIP overload control algorithm has been quickly adopted by The Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan for their early earthquake warning system.

T.Y. Chi, C.H. Chen, H.C. Chao, and S.Y. Kuo, "An Efficient Earthquake Early Warning Message Delivery Algorithm Using an in Time Control-Theoretic Approach", 2011.

http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-642-23641-9_15#

http://www.ipv6.org.tw/docu/elearning8_2011/1010004798p_3-7.pdf

Short review and comments on this implicit SIP overload control algorithm by former IEEE TAC Associate Editor S. Mascolo (Google Faculty Research Award 2014):

L. De Cicco, G. Cofano, and S. Mascolo,"Local SIP Overload Control: Controller Design and Optimization by Extremum Seeking", IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems, Vol. 2, Issue 3, September 2015, pp. 267-277.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=7035079

http://c3lab.poliba.it/images/f/f4/Dcm-tcns15.pdf

Google Faculty Research Award 2014 List

http://services.google.com/fh/files/blogs/googlefras-aug2014.pdf

IEEE GLOBECOM 2010 presentation slides for RRRC implicit SIP overload control can be downloaded from the following RG link.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258555827_Mitigating_SIP_Overload_Using_a_Control-Theoretic_Approach

Journal paper (SIP Overload Control) not only conducts more theoretical analysis of Round trip delay control (RTDC) and Redundant retransmission ratio control (RRRC), but also discusses how to apply RTDC algorithm to mitigate SIP overload for both SIP over UDP and SIP over TCP (with TLS).

Y. Hong, C. Huang, and J. Yan, "Applying control theoretic approach to mitigate SIP overload", Telecommunication Systems, 54(4), December 2013, pp. 387-404.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257667871_Applying_control_theoretic_approach_to_mitigate_SIP_overload

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11235-013-9744-8

Survey on SIP overload control algorithms: Y. Hong, C. Huang, and J. Yan, "A Comparative Study of SIP Overload Control Algorithms", IGI Global, 2012, pp. 1-20.

http://www.researchgate.net/publication/231609451_A_Comparative_Study_of_SIP_Overload_Control_Algorithms

http://www.igi-global.com/chapter/comparative-study-sip-overload-control/67496

Open-source SIP/VoIP project discussion archive

http://lists.sip-router.org/pipermail/sr-users/2013-April/077596.html

IETF-RFC "SIP Overload Control" discussion archive

http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/sip-overload/current/msg00919.html

API-RCP(TCP Congestion Control):Y. Hong and O.W.W. Yang, "Design of Adaptive PI Rate Controller for Best-Effort Traffic in the Internet Based on Phase Margin," IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 18(4), April 2007, pp. 550-561.

http://www.researchgate.net/publication/3301176_Design_of_Adaptive_PI_Rate_Controller_for_Best-Effort_Traffic_in_the_Internet_Based_on_Phase_Margin

Review, comments, and extensive evaluation on API-RCP:

H. Zhou, C. Hu, and L. He, "Improving the Efficiency and Fairness of eXplicit Control Protocol in Multi-Bottleneck Networks", Elsevier Computer Communications, 36(10-11), June 2013, pp. 1193-1208.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140366413001059

Real-world Linux implementation of API-RCP: Z. Liu, H. Wang, W. Hu, Y. Hong, O.W.W. Yang, and Y. Shu, "An Implementation and Experimental Study of the Adaptive PI Rate Control Protocol," Proceedings of IEEE HPSR, Paris, France, June 2009. The leading author Zhanliang Liu is Principle Engineer at Baidu, former Principle Engineer at Tencent, former software engineer at Microsoft.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/224611517_An_implementation_and_experimental_study_of_the_Adaptive_PI_Rate_Control_Protocol

 (3) Control Theory developed in the twentieth century: 25 Seminal Papers (1932-1981) Selected by IEEE Control Society in 2000

Control Theory: Twenty-Five Seminal Papers (1932-1981), Edited by T.S. Basar, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2000.

http://www.ebay.com/ctg/Control-Theory-Twenty-Five-Seminal-Papers-1932-1981-by-Inc-Staff-IEEE-2000-Hardcover-/1776728

http://www.amazon.ca/Control-Theory-Twenty-Five-Seminal-1932-1981/dp/0780360214

IEEE Control Systems Award

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_Control_Systems_Award

IFAC Giorgio Quazza Medal

http://www.ifac-control.org/awards/major-medals

4 co-authors of 25 Seminal Papers (1932-1981) awarded IEEE Medal of Honor (the highest IEEE award): Nyquist(1960), Kalman(1974), Bellman(1979), Astrom(1993), i.e., NBA (Sweden) and Kalman.

http://www.ieee.org/about/awards/medals/medalofhonor.html

R.E. Bellman and K.J. Astrom, "On structural identifiability," Mathematical Biosciences, 7(3-4), 1970, pp. 329–339.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/002555647090132X

Richard E. Bellman Control Heritage Award for US control systems engineers and scientists (US citizenship)

http://a2c2.org/awards/richard-e-bellman-control-heritage-award

Ragazzini's notable students are Rudolf Kalman (see Kalman filters), Eliahu Ibraham Jury (see Z-transform) and Lotfi Asker Zadeh (see Fuzzy sets and Fuzzy logic).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Ragazzini

K. Astrom, E.I. Jury, and R. Agniel, "A numerical method for the evaluation of complex integrals," IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol.15, no.4, Aug 1970, pp.468-471.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=1099492

"To control theorists, Nyquist is no doubt best known as the inventor of the Nyquist diagram, defining the conditions for stability of negative feedback systems. This has become a foundation stone for control theory the world over, applicable in a much wider range of situations than that for which it was orignally enunciated." Hendrik W. Bode, Harvard University, USA, 1977.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1101666

Biography of Harry Nyquist, University of Cambridge, UK, 2003.

"Between 1920 and 1940 he published a series of papers on research in telecommunications which are arguably the most outstanding set of scientific contributions since Newton (apart from Einstein!)."

http://babylon.acad.cai.cam.ac.uk/students/study/engineering/engineer03l/cenyquist.htm

http://babylon.acad.cai.cam.ac.uk/students/study/engineering/engineer03l/ceframes.htm

K.J. Åström, "Harry Nyquist (1889-1976): A Tribute to the Memory of an Outstanding Scientist," Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences, 2003.

American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Nyquist Lecturer Award

https://www.asme.org/about-asme/get-involved/honors-awards/unit-awards/nyquist-lecturer

Article Design of Adaptive PI Rate Controller for Best-Effort Traffi...

Article Self-tuning IMC-PID control with interval gain and phase mar...

Conference Paper Mitigating SIP Overload Using a Control-Theoretic Approach.

Article Relay auto-tuning of PID controllers using iterative feedback tuning

Conference Paper Design of a PI Rate Controller for Mitigating SIP Overload

Conference Paper An implementation and experimental study of the Adaptive PI ...

Article A Comparative Study of SIP Overload Control Algorithms

Article Applying control theoretic approach to mitigate SIP overload

Data Round-Trip Delay Control (RTDC) For Mitigating SIP Overload ...

Data Mitigating SIP Overload Using a Control-Theoretic Approach

Fractional-order control is the new era for research. Very good results are obtained as compared to integer-order controllers

The new trends in control engineering are - Fraction-Order Control, Model Predictive Control for process control, Adaptive Control and many more. Among these the recently popular are fractional-order and MPC.

Hybrid controllers

Predictive control

Check The Impact of Control Technology report by CSS where Overview, Success Stories, and Research Challenges are discussed.

http://ieeecss.org/general/impact-control-technology

Adaptive Control

How about ant colony...?

Hybrid Correlation-Based Tuning, Swarm Optimization (Ant Colony, Bee Colony, Bacterial Foraging, Intelligent Water Drops Algorithm...etc), Predictive control

@Olfa: Please, this is fairly established stuff, hardly new....

Control in systems with dynamic chaos. It's rather new (though there is a lot of usage of classical control theory, adaptive control, fuzzy control and etc) and it seems to be a real trend but really more in science then industry.

So what make chaos dynamic control challenging or new ?

I believe a new trend now is Fractional-Order Controls. It's about using having differential equations in which the orders are non necessarily integers. Consequently, the transfer function will have polynomials in which the degrees are not necessarily integers.

Example:

G(s) = K/(Ts^0.2 + 1)

This is a 0.2-order system.

You can easily have a look on recent plenary/semi-plenary lectures in ACC and CDC conferences. Although, when you refer to "new trends" you should clarify in what context...

Usually people do the following exercise for recent trends :

1. check recent projects related to non-linear control on the websites of famous universities

2. read the recent papers of highly ranked journals e.g automatica, cybernetics, automatic control, etc.

3. read the news related to recent advancements in the applications of control such as robotics, etc

4. or may be good survey paper

Latest trends in control in the industry is not anymore about control methodology nor system identification because products are already well-established for the majority of the applications. Discussions now are more into having maintenance-free products, equipment that are resilient to environmental conditions and malicious attacks, and ability for the system to be scalable and adaptable to technologies that enable and drive productivity and efficiency.