What are the differences between 1D, 2D and 3D hydrological model in terms of advantage, disadvantage, function, compatibility and hardware requirement?
One-dimensional models can be used for the vertical flow in a system of parallel horizontal layers
Two-dimensional models apply to a vertical plane while it is assumed that the groundwater conditions repeat themselves in other parallel vertical planes (Fig. 4). Spacing equations of subsurface drains and the groundwater energy balance applied to drainage equations[5] are examples of two-dimensional groundwater models.
Three-dimensional models like Modflow require discretization of the entire flow domain. To that end the flow region must be subdivided into smaller elements (or cells), in both horizontal and vertical sense. Within each cell the parameters are maintained constant, but they may vary between the cells (Fig. 5). Using numerical solutions of groundwater flow equations, the flow of groundwater may be found as horizontal, vertical and, more often, as intermediate.
To add to John's response, 1-D flow models are often used to approximate infiltration and flow in the unsaturated zone above the water table.
2-D flow models are usually applied to vertical cross-sections in situations where flow is parallel to the plane of the cross-section (i.e. no flow components perpendicular to the plane of the cross-section).
In some simple situations where vertical flow components are negligibly small, 2-D models could also be used for plan-view (i.e. horizontal plane)
3-D models are needed where the direction of flow varies spatially within the domain of interest in each of the three dimensions.
Sometimes a 2-D conceptual model may be created and used first in order to inform the design of a more accurate and useful 3-D model.
These days most 1-D and 2-D models can easily and quickly be run on most ordinary laptop and desktop computers; though processing times may be a few hours or more for detailed 2-D transient models.
For fully 3-D models, faster specialized computers will be needed to run multiple simulations; and parallel processors may be needed for detailed 3-D transient models.
Hi Firdaus
This article is helpful to answer your question.
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/11/2/226/pdf
Kind Regards!
Arfan Arshad
Hi Firdaus
I think this link can help you
https://www.hec.usace.army.mil/confluence/rasdocs/r2dum/latest/steady-vs-unsteady-flow-and-1d-vs-2d-modeling/1d-vs-2d-hydraulic-modeling
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