I want to do antibacterial studies on HAP with dopings but don't have clear idea on methods with concentration measurements for each method.For each method different procedures are followed so confused to proceed.Try to clear the best method.Thank you
I used live/dead staining and observed the green/red color using epifluorescence or CLM. Warning for the auto fluorescence of your material.
I have given some references which can help you.
1.G.A. Fielding, M. Roy, A. Bandyopadhyay, S. Bose, Antibacterial and biologi-cal characteristics of silver containing and strontium doped plasma sprayedhydroxyapatite coatings, Acta Biomater. 8 (2012) 3144.
2.T.N. Kim, Q.L. Feng, J.O. Kim, J. Wu, H. Wang, G.C. Chen, F.Z. Cui, Antimicrobialeffects of metal ions (Ag+, Cu2+Zn2+) in hydroxyapatite, J. Mater. Sci.—Mater.Med. 9 (1998) 129.
3.O. Yousheng, X. Yushan, T. Shaozao, S. Qingshan, Structure, antibacterial activityof Ce3+exchanged montmorillonites, J. Rare Earths 27 (2009) 858.
4..L. Yingguang, Y. Zhuoru, C. Jiang, Preparation, Characterization, Antibacterialproperty of cerium substituted hydroxyapatite nanoparticles, J. Rare Earths 25(2007) 452.
Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) allows sensitive, accurate, continuous real-time monitoring of bacterial growth rates on surfaces, and the effects of antimicrobials on growth rates. Below is just one example study. If you want an introduction, start with the following two sections of the Wikipedia article on IMC. (I wrote the article.)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isothermal_microcalorimetry#Microbiology
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isothermal_microcalorimetry#Pharmacodynamics
Example study:
Astasov-Frauenhoffer M, Braissant O, Hauser-Gerspach I, Daniels AU, Weiger R, Waltimo T (2012) Isothermal microcalorimetry provides new insights into biofilm variability and dynamics. FEMS Microbiology Letters 1-7.
Email me if you want more citations, pdfs, etc.
I can only agree with Dan Daniels. We have had quite good results with this technique until now. (hope the following reference helps)
Here is a more recent paper dealing with this issue:
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jbm.b.33294/full
Best
Olivier
Dear Helen
I will suggest you to optimize the concentration of the doping agent by using different concentrations. You can do active doping or passive doping, during HA synthesis and after synthesis of HA. But it must be keep in mind that when you are using doping in HA, although high concentration of doping agent like silver/Zn may contribute to high antibacterial activity but its toxicity may also increase.
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