I'm looking for a membrane protein (found in neurons) or other antigen that will provide very strong staining from IHC. I would prefer an antigen that is uniformly expressed across dendritic, axonal, and somatic membranes on the neurons.
Polysialic acid-neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) in plasma membrane. Neural cell adhesion molecule thought to play a role in regulating cell shape, growth or migration during development; thought to be involved in activity-induced synaptic plasticity in adulthood. It expressed in populations of immature neurons
The marker you choose will depend on neuronal type, developmental age, and preparation (cell culture, e-phys slices, fixed tissue sections).
You might want to investigate anti-ganglioside markers, since certain gangliosides are found at high levels in the neuronal membrane. Sometimes this information is found in the tract tracing literature for you neuron of choice.
if it not have to be a membrane staining, how about MAP2 (for dendrites and cell body) and one of the Neurofilaments (NFH; NFM,;NFL) for the axons, at least this proteins are highly expressed? Or beta3 tubulin?