Many teachers told us that it is hard to get some kind of species cultured by plant tissue culture, but why? What are the problems in plant tissue culture?
By the way, will it be meaningful if we try to expend the culturome of plant tissue culture now?
The main problem in tissue culture are contamination, vitrification, acclimatization, and post culture behavior.
Impediments in the Tissue Culture of High Altitude Medicinal Plants
- July 2017
- DOI
- 10.19080/AIBM.2017.04.555631
Harsh Kumar Chauhan, Anil Kumar Bisht and Indra Dutt Bhatt
Kindly go through this paper available in my RG profile. Its not that all the plants have problems all the times. Different plants can have different difficulties based on theirv physiology, habitat and life forms. Hope this helps you.
Problems in tissue culture are contamination and preparation specimens for culture.
Tissue culture is one of the best technique used in agriculture in getting healthy plants,. There are few problems in plant tissue culture , many times you need fresh culture for plantation. For initial growth the proper climate , light, water, temp. be maintained properly.
There are many uses of tissue culture, consequently every use has its problems, concerning micropropagation, there are many problems as mentioned above, but the most problems concentrated in; internal contamination, browning & vitrification phenomenons, low multiplication and rooting rate, finally fail to get high survival plantlets. Currently, most of them were solved. In fact, the main problem we are not taking the right path to solve the problem.
There are some major problems in practical application of plant tissue culture such as: browning of cultured tissues, vitrification of tissues, bacterial and fungal contaminations, deterioration of embryonic callus and its inability to form embryos, callus formation on bases of rooting plantlets. Also, the identified abnormalities and variations (somaclonal variations) in plants produced from tissue culture, such as failure of fruit set, dwarfism, albinism of leaves, abnormal growth and development of leaves and fruit strands, were might occurred.
Tissue culture is one of the best technique of propagating plants which cannot be grown through conventional means or if one need to propagate thousands of plants within specific span of time in limited space. There are some specific reason if the tissue culture technique do not response may be due to the recalcitrant nature of tree or plant species, may be due to pre or post embryonic barriers, due to mishandling or some procedural faults otherwise plant tissue culture is the most promising technique to raise in vitro plants.
in tissue culture following problems may be observed;-
1.blackening or browning
2.decline in vigor
3.necroses
4.hyperhydricity or vitrification but we can over come those problem
Yang Fuqiang , some species are very very difficult to culture in plant tissue culture...for example, aquatic plants, which was immersed in water that absorb all kinds of waste (feaces) and also some woody plants which produces high amount of browning by the phenolic compounds (oxidation) that leads to self-death as a result....vitrification, loss of totipotency (ability to grow and regenerate into mother plant) as well contamination by endogenous contaminations or exogenous by poor surface sterilization or aseptic technique....
Certainly, each method, despite its advantages, has its challenges. The history of using this method has shown that its benefits far outweigh its problems, and of course most of these problems have been solved. All the problems mentioned above are absolutely true, but the advantage of this method can not be ignored. The plant tissue culture method has been very helpful in preserving endangered plant germplasm as well as their genetic trasformation and plant physio-biochemical mechanisms identification. Other benefits of this method include: A) Callus induction; B) Embryo formation and proliferation; C) Embryo maturation; and D) Embryo germination E) Massive clonal propagation of genotypes of interest F) Production and propagation of disease-free plants by tissue culture G) Embryo rescue H) Management and modification of the ploidy levels I) Germplasm conservation J) secondery metaboilites production and etc.
There are two distinct aspects of this issue. One - what can go wrong in TC- contamination, browning etc. Other aspect is the cost, recalcitrance etc. Second one is a bigger challenge to deal with.
I agree with Professor Nirmal Joshee and believe that almost all the plants can be tissue cultured, the difference is the rate of multiplication and survival of plants in the field conditions.
Somaclonal variations and genetic variations are increasingly becoming major threats to tissue cultured plants. This is usually as a result of using dedifferentiated cells as explants to derive shoots and also abnormal mitosis like somatic crossing over
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