Paid scientific journal publications refer to articles, research papers, and other forms of scholarly content that require payment to access.
These publications are often referred to as “subscription-based” or “paywalled” journals because readers must pay to access the content. The payment is typically made in the form of a subscription fee or a pay-per-view charge.
The primary reason why paid scientific journal publications exists is to cover the costs associated with the publication process.
Publishing a scientific article requires a significant investment of resources, including editorial and peer review services, copy editing, typesetting, and hosting the content online.
The fees charged by publishers cover these costs and ensure that the journals can continue to operate and provide valuable services to the scientific community.
You may interested in this discussion:
https://www.researchgate.net/post/What_is_the_ACTUAL_COST_OF_A_PUBLICATION/1
They are journals that have been in existence for more than three centuries. They are often referred to as subscription journals. I think the question should be like what are the open access journals because they began in 1990s as experiments before metamorphosing into mainstream journals. Publishing is a complex process requiring many inputs from funders such as universities, organizations, etc. There are many models they follow to fund a given research
I think, it is wrong in principle - journals have to pay to the authors, not the authors to the journals. You, as an author, are "attacked" twice or even more times - for competence, for adequacy to journal's style, and - financially.
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