In one of my studies, I found that repeated exposure to silver in bacteria at a sub-lethal concentration induces efflux and beta-lactamase activity. The induction of the efflux system is understandable and the presence of efflux mediating genes in non-treated bacteria(from WGS data) supported the claim. However, no beta-lactamase genes (bla genes) were found from the whole genome sequence of the non-treated bacteria. What could be the relation between metal treatment and induction of beta-lactamase enzyme?

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