most likely = renewable energy fraction (REF)

People also ask

What is the renewable energy fraction?

The renewable fraction is the fraction of the energy delivered to the load that originated from renewable power sources.

With REF the system efficiency, stability and reliability could be obtained, as with high REF the system would be more stable in voltage, frequency giving better regulation and efficiency with working power factor near to unity…..

Thank you Sir for your reply. I am Arnab a beginner in power energy optimization research.

Sir, @ Bhupendra Desai, I have a question -

Why the traditional optimal power flow with renewable energy uncertainty don't consider REF analysis, as seen in many papers?

Is there any specific reason?

As in old methods for load flow and contingency analysis as the in system industrial and domestic solar and wind power with battery back are not considered, though is badly needed to be considered, with involvement of solar and wind powered generating stations in systems load area…..

Well in optimization you need to cater the load with mixed generation considering all possible constraints, battery schedules (charge/discharge) are important so if battery is getting charged by renewable generation then it is the quantities are important, i.e. what fraction of RER generation is required to be directly dispatched? What fraction of RER generation can be utilized to charge the battery and at what time? When to discharge the battery.

Target is minimum operational cost.