Hello,

Endotoxin level is directly related to the quality of collection and processing of serum.

The industrial standard for endotoxin in FBS is < 10EU/ml with the highest grade at

< 1EU/ml. For most cell culture applications less than 10EU/ml endotoxin level is permissible except for the production of vaccines and injectables in which case lowest levels are necessary.

You can also measure endotoxin level in the media by means of limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay. This assay can detect as low as 0.01endotoxin units (EU)/ml.

Generally, normal levels of total hemoglobin in FBS should range from 10-30mg/dL. There have been no effects on cell cultures with hemoglobin concentration of less than 100 mg/dL in FBS. The level of hemoglobin in FBS is an indicator of how well the collection and processing of blood and /or serum has been done.

I hope this will help.

Best.

Thank you Malcom!