I am unable to find a protocol for norflurazon detection in plant tissue. I have only encountered works concerning quantification of norflurazon in soil samples (Essington et al., Comun. soil. sci. plant. anal., 1995) or clear standards (Mueller et al. weed science, 1992). Does anyone now about publications concerning this topic?
Norflurazon is a pyridazinone herbicide used to control grass and broadleaf weeds. Norflurazon inhibits carotenoid synthesis, which causes chlorophyll depletion and inhibition of photosynthesis in plants.Norflurazon is the only active ingredient (78.6%) in the herbicide Predict. An important step in characterising the function of a gene is identifying the cells in which it is expressed. Traditional methods to determine this include in situ hybridisation, gene promoter-reporter fusions or cell isolation/purification techniques followed by quantitative PCR. These methods, although frequently used, can have limitations including their time-consuming nature, limited specificity, and reliance upon well-annotated promoters, high cost, and the need for specialized equipment. In situ PCR is a relatively simple and rapid method that involves the amplification of specific mRNA directly within plant tissue whilst incorporating labelled nucleotides that are subsequently detected by immunohistochemistry. Another notable advantage of this technique is that it can be used on plants that are not easily genetically transformed.
Dear Kamil Filip Trzebuniak
Pls. find the attached files
R.M. Amasino. 2013. Cellular Communication in Plants Springer Science & Business Media,Pp.181. ISBN 1475796072, 9781475796070
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-313X.2000.00896.x/full
http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/emon/pubs/protocol/prot217.pdf
http://www.plantcell.org/content/17/2/628.full
http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/supelco/ps1044?lang=en®ion=SY
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00103629509369447
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/norflurazon#section=Synonyms
page 192 in: E. W. Becker. 1994. Microalgae: Biotechnology and Microbiology Cambridge University Press,Pp.293. ISBN 0521350204, 9780521350204
page 405. In: Terence Robert Roberts, David Herd Hutson. 1998. Metabolic Pathways of Agrochemicals: Herbicides and plant growth regulators. Royal Society of Chemistry, Pp.849.ISBN 0854044949, 9780854044948
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-313X.2010.04454.x/full
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031942299001144
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24258330
Hoping this will be helpful
Regards
Prof. Houda Kawas
When I think of plant extraction for chemicals I always think of Quechers as a good place to start. Do a google search for quechers, many companies now provide kits for this type of extraction (Waters, Sigma, Agilent, Restek, Phenomonex...etc) You would use this protocol to extract the norflurazon from the plant material, then analyze as stated in the soil or water analytical/instrumental method. See attached link for norflurazon in tobacco using quechers
http://www.nacrw.org/09documents/2009-Presentations/28_Binkley.pdf
Dear prof Kawas,
thank you for all the provided links. They did not exactly help with my question, but are a valuable and interesting lecture about norflurazon and I was able to find different information helpful with other parts of my project.
Dear mr Philbrook,
I did not know about quenchers, this technique looks very promising. I will gladly test it in our lab.
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