Historically, graphene and graphene oxide derivatives are the most extensively studied class of 2D materials for removal of different pollutants due to their ultrahigh water flux, selective molecular and ion sieving, and strong resistance to biofouling. Since the discovery of MXenes in 2011, though, interest in using MXenes for pollutant removal has grown.
MXenes hold promise for environmental remediation applications because of several desirable properties, including hydrophilicity (readily absorbed/dissolved in water), high surface area, activated metallic hydroxide sites, and nontoxicity. Additionally, MXenes’ characteristic “conductive clay-like” properties allow them to be easily processed by various methods.
To date, close to 30 MXenes have been successfully synthesized. Titanium-based MXenes are most promising for environmental applications due to element abundance and nontoxic decomposition products. In particular, titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx) is the most widely studied MXene.
At this point, it is difficult to produce nitride MXenes by selective acid etching methods, which limits wide exploration of nitride and carbonitride MXenes in environmental remediation applications. As such, the review focuses on carbide MXenes.
Historically, graphene and graphene oxide derivatives are the most extensively studied class of 2D materials for removal of different pollutants due to their ultrahigh water flux, selective molecular and ion sieving, and strong resistance to biofouling. Since the discovery of MXenes in 2011, though, interest in using MXenes for pollutant removal has grown.
MXenes hold promise for environmental remediation applications because of several desirable properties, including hydrophilicity (readily absorbed/dissolved in water), high surface area, activated metallic hydroxide sites, and nontoxicity. Additionally, MXenes’ characteristic “conductive clay-like” properties allow them to be easily processed by various methods.
To date, close to 30 MXenes have been successfully synthesized. Titanium-based MXenes are most promising for environmental applications due to element abundance and nontoxic decomposition products. In particular, titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx) is the most widely studied MXene.
At this point, it is difficult to produce nitride MXenes by selective acid etching methods, which limits wide exploration of nitride and carbonitride MXenes in environmental remediation applications. As such, the review focuses on carbide MXenes.