Colour can be understood as a mode in that it consists of a set of elements and features, or semiotic resources, including hue, saturation, differentiation, modulation and purity. These exhibit regularities of use that are understood by people in context. Colour can be used to denote ideational, interpersonal and textual meaning: it is metafunctional. It depends on the context.

A single colour can have many different meanings in different cultures. In Asia orange is a positive, spiritually enlightened, and life-affirming colour, while in the US it is a colour of road hazards, traffic delays, and fast-food restaurants. Colours can symbolise a rite of passage, differentiate a premium from a discount brand, and distinguish between fun and serious, young and old, male and female. Context is everything: a group of people wearing black might be the crowd at a gallery opening, priests, Mennonites, a punk band, ninjas, Kabuki stagehands, Bedouins, mourners, or a mime troupe.

In addition to all the traditional meanings associated with colours in various cultures (those linked to birth, weddings, funerals or even the colour of the mailbox), there are also those layers of meaning brought about by international marketing and communication: for instance Coca-Cola red.

Thank you very much, Marwah for your detailed excellent answer. Best regards. Hazim.

Most welcome Dr.

Thanks again, Marwa. Curently, you are an active research gate member. Best wishes. Hazim.